Indexing

Abstract:This study is focused two groups to learn about college students and their use of text messages. All of the students were from different collages in Pune Maharashtra state. One focus group contained five females and other focus group contained five males. The main focus of this study was to find if text messages displaced face-to-face communication. The results of this study suggest text messages do have a moving effect on face-to-face communication. But text messaging is not the only technology that has the displacement effect. This study also suggests males and females View text messages differently. The implications of the five themes that emerged are discussed in this study.

Abstract:Nowadays, international organizations have become a frequently discussed issue, in both the economic and political spheres of human activity. During their development, they helped states to overcome crises and wars, encouraged the development of international trade, and, through either cooperation or integration, they helped solve the economic and social problems of many countries and regions of the world. In an increasingly globalized world, international organizations play an important role. They are active in economic, social, educational, cultural, environmental, and scientific fields, among others. International intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations influence not only international relations but they have been affecting the lives and behaviour of all generations on and out of our planet for many years. Today there are more than 75,000 international organizations around the world scaling from the small organizations established between neighbouring states.

Abstract:This paper evaluates the impact of some selected macroeconomic variables (Domestic Private Investment, Government Capital Expenditure, Exchange Rate, Foreign Direct Investment, Consumer Price Index, Credit to Manufacturing Sector and Prime Lending Rate) on Manufacturing Productivity in Nigeria from 1981 to 2015. In testing for stationarity of the variables using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF and testing for co-integration indicated that the selected variables are co-integrated. Thus, there exist a long run relationship between them. Employing the Ordinary Least Square method of analysis and the annual time series data, the study observed that, exchange rate, and government capital expenditure has negative impact on manufacturing productivity, while prime lending rate, domestic private investment, consumer price index, credit to manufacturing sector and foreign direct investment has positive impact on Manufacturing productivity. The study therefore recommends that the government should create a “stable environment” to encourage the kind of Foreign Direct Investment that will be beneficial to the manufacturing sector.  For efficient performance in the Manufacturing Sector, medium and long term loans with low interest rate should be provided as well as make policy that can reduce exchange rate and inflation. Also, the government should increase its expenditure on capital goods to help improve productivity in the manufacturing sector.
Keywords:Macroeconomic Variables, Manufacturing Productivity, Capital Expenditure, exchange rate, foreing direct investment, consumer price index.
Title:The Impact of Selected Macroeconomic Variables on Manufacturing Productivity in Nigeria
Author:David_Wayas, O.M., Ugwu J.O, Chukwuma Q.O., Anyaegbuna, P.C
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications
 
 

Abstract:In a series of messages to states and peoples, the former United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon outlined the challenges and serious problems that the 21st century offers to the international communities, scholars, researchers, policymakers and laypeople all around the world. Such challenges as ever-growing inequality, unperishable poverty, skyrocketing demographic rates, climate change and other issues that spread out across the planet and affected lives of billions of people can now be conquered only with the help of a globally operating, comprehensive institutional framework that international organizations may introduce. The establishment of such institutions as WTO, UN, EU and others showcased a commonly accepted belief that international organizations stand for maintaining peace and security, be it a human, economic, food or military one, and protect and represent the interests of the whole international community and not merely the needs of the states.

Abstract:International organizations are not a creation of the XX or XXI century but in these two centuries they increased their importance due the current issues that the world has to face and due to the changes that occurred in particular after the World War II. The oldest International organization still in operation is the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine established in 1815. This organization involved very few states, just 5, and its actions were strictly related to the Rhine area and its security. Now, the most important and powerful IOs is undoubtedly the United Nations, composed by 193 countries. Through its agencies and organs, the UN influence many sectors from politics to justice, from security to monetary policies. Not only the UN, but all the international organizations in general in the last century have widened their goals and area of intervention.

Abstract:Although many studies have been conducted on corporate social responsibility practices, many questions concerning corporate social responsibility practices still remain unanswered. It is not clear for instance, whether banks carry on corporate social responsibility practices with a motive to look good and earn a profit or they concerned with the well-being of the society they operate from. Similarly, there is no evidence as to how corporate social responsibility practices affect commercial banks financial performance. Although corporate social responsibility practices are common in Kenya, the banking sector has been viewed as lagging behind the other industries, this is why this study focus on the banking industry in Kenya. The study was intended to examine the effect of educational corporate social responsibility practices, environmental corporate social responsibility practices and healthy corporate social responsibility practices on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Corporate social responsibility practices were measured by the expenditure incurred on the various corporate social responsibility practices by commercial banks in in year. On the other hand, financial performance was measured by return on assets. The study covered a period of five years beginning 2012 through 2016. Secondary data was collected from 15 commercial banks though the target populations was the 42 licensed commercial banks in Kenya. Data was collected from 15 commercial banks which represents 35%. The regression model was used in the study. P-value, alpha and coefficient of determination were used to determine if the correlation between the variables is statistically significant. The results of the study reveals that; education corporate social responsibility practices, environmental and health corporate social responsibility practices have a significant positive effect on financial performance of commercial banks. The limitations of the study includes; the study was based on secondary data only, the accuracy of the results depended on accuracy of the data provided in the various data sources used. The study focuses on banks only and therefore may not be representative of other types of industries lastly, the study covered 2012 to 2016 thereby excluded the periods before. The study recommends that; commercial banks having the objective of improving their financial performance should increase their budget allocation on corporate social responsibility practices so as to ensure improvement in financial performance. Similarly, the study further recommends that commercial banks adopt strategies that strengthen corporate social responsibility practices and build up corporate social responsibility programs so as to boost performance.

Abstract:This study aims  to investigate impact of ICT in developing English language teaching (ELT) from English language teacher’s perspective and how technology enhanced their teaching practices in their classes and what are the barriers that hinder their success of using these instructional technology in teaching process and their readiness towards the technology, an interview technique was used to collect the data from selective sample consist of  15 English teachers from King Khalid University English department .
The following are some of the effective results revealed from this study: ICT played important role in developing English language teachers(sample of the study teaching process such as: help in gaining valuable teaching resources, as tools for teaching purposes, reduces teaching anxiety, help in follow-up their student activities, help in classes management and reduces the time and efforts.
The needed technology does not exist and that is seen through such factors such as; classes are not well prepared concerning ICT, Barriers that hinder the English language teachers from using ICT in their classes such as: Lack of, technical/pedagogical, Lack of teaching software, Lack of time of prepares resource, the number of students in the classroom and Lack of teacher training workshops.
The following are some of the important recommendation:

• 
  Sufficient ICT related training should be offered to university English language teachers
• Classes should be equipped on technological based material concerning English Language teaching and learning.

Abstract:This study investigate the factors that determine regional trade networks within Africa and argues for the need to promote regional legal frameworks for promoting economic development in the region. Studies have shown that at various times in the history of Africa, development strategies were modeled after foreign standards and have largely failed because they were initiatives of and patterned after Western interest and elements. The development plans were in form of aid from Overseas Development Association, (ODA), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and World Bank soft loans. However, all these proved largely to be either unsuitable or unrealistic. The study argues that building on those foreign ideas without taking into consideration the economic culture of Africa, which is the foundation for sustainable development are false steps which have never and will never liberate Africans from dependency to set the region on the path of economic recovery. The study suggests change as most sub-regional sectors of Africa are regrouping for better opportunities by way of economic gains and promotion of democracy. The study posits that the best way to secure the foundation for Africa’s growth is to have her own trade organization that will carter for the needs of African trade because the end purpose of African Economic Trade Organization (AETO) is for Africa to pool her resources for global competitiveness by trading internationally to boost her balance of payments. The study proposes a legal action which de-emphasizes WTO and place more emphasis on localization and the establishment of AETO.

Abstract:This study tested the validity of Rostow’s theory by examining the effect of poverty and income inequality on urbanization in ECOWAS countries. Panel data comprising of 15 cross sections and years spanning from 1990-2015 sourced from World Development Indicators (WDI) was used for the analysis. The result of the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) revealed that poverty reduction has a positive and statistically significant effect on urbanization while inequality is positively related to urbanization but statistically insignificant. This result is in conformity with studies that identify African countries as low income urbanized cities with high rate of poverty. The study concluded that, in ECOWAS countries, poverty reduction spur urbanization which upheld the Rostow’s Linear stages. Also, the condition of inequality confirmed the position of Unified Dependence Model rather than Rostow’s Linear stages. As a policy recommendation various ECOWAS countries’ governments should collaborate with private sector in terms of savings and investments. The potentials of West African countries as viable market place for both developed and developing countries cannot be ignored.

Abstract:Mentorship is a semi-structured approach where a person or group of people share their knowledge, skills and experience to assist others to progress in their own lives and careers. It is more impacting than giving advice, or explaining experience. It motivates and empowers others so as to identify their own strength and achieve target and goals. Mentorship enables the mentee to tap into the best of a mentor as a source of energy to foster intrapersonal and interpersonal understanding. The purpose of this study was to determine the moderating influence of organisation culture on relationship between talent development mentorship practice and employee performance. A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. From each institution, the respondents were all the employees. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Mentorship practices were identified as the independent variable, while employee performance was the dependent variables.  While organizational culture was the moderating variable. Data will be analyzed using SPSS. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to arrive at conclusions on the relationships between study variables. Regression analysis was used to test the set hypotheses and construct the models of interest. The study found a significant relationship between talent development mentorship and the performance of the employees. It was also found that organizational culture does moderate the relationship between talent development mentorship and the performance. The results of the study will contribute to better management of firms through mentorship practices. The study recommends that talent development mentorship practice be considered as part of the organizations strategy to improve on the performance of the employees.

Abstract:One common feature among human beings is that everyone is more or less driven by emotions. Leaders, being humans, are not exception to this. Emotions thus play a vital role in managing people especially in times of strategic change. Emotional intelligence consists of a range of fundamental skills or strategies, key among them being change resilience, that allow one to confidently respond to people and changing situations. The study sought to determine mediating effect transformational leadership style on the relationship between change resilience strategy and strategic change management in the Judiciary in Kenya. The study used an explanatory research design. The study targeted 968 managers in the Judiciary. Stratified random sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 158. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Multiple regression results indicated that the extracted factors of change resilience strategy had a positive and significant effect on strategic change management. Hierarchical regression results indicated that transformational leadership style fully mediates the relationships between change resilience strategy and strategic change management. Hence the study concludes that the use of emotional intelligence strategies predisposes a manager to use a transformational leadership style and hence he or she becomes more adept at managing strategic change.

Abstract:Although the role of organizational characteristics in strategic change management has been extensively analyzed and discussed in literature, individual characteristics of the managers of change, which are equally crucial for the success of change, have been given little attention. Emotional intelligence consists of a range of fundamental skills or strategies, key among them being change resilience, that allow one to confidently respond to people and changing situations. The study sought to establish the effect of change resilience strategy on strategic change management in the Judiciary in Kenya. The study used an explanatory research design. The study targeted 968 managers in the Judiciary. Stratified random sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 158. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Multiple regression results indicated that the extracted factors of change resilience strategy had a positive and significant effect on strategic change management. The study concluded that the use of change resilience strategy enhances strategic change management. For theory, the study recommended that management theories should be revised to reflect that strategic change management requires more innovative approaches like the use an emotional intelligence strategy of change resilience other than the traditional issues postulated by these theories that tends to focus on cognitive issues such as cognitive dissonance during strategic change and resistance to change.

Abstract:With the advent of mass media, including television and more recently video and computer games, children and teenagers are exposed to increasingly higher doses of aggressive images. The present study examined the role of television programmes/viewing content on the aggressive behavior of in-school adolescents in Makurdi metropolis. Specifically; to identify the content of television programs watched by in-school adolescent; to assess variance in socio-demographic characteristics of respondents on their imitative behavior and to determine the role of these programs on verbal and physical aggression of viewers. The study used both primary and secondary information in achieving the set objectives; simple random sampling technique was used to select 320 respondents in the study area. Using descriptive and Pearson’s correlation, it was discovered that 95% of respondents are exposed to media violence and 40.3% of respondents watch it for prolonged hours, that is more than four hours a day. Variance in socio-demographic characteristics of respondents had no effect on their imitative behavior, meaning all the demographic variables has no role to play on the ability to model what is portrayed in television programs. But the researcher discovered a significant positive correlation between television viewing content and aggression. The findings reiterate the concerns expressed by parents, educators and social psychologist that television programs influence children aggressive behavior. Some of the recommendations are; Improving media rating systems, developing more pro-social programming as an alternative to television programs portraying forms of antisocial behavior and funding public education programs.

Abstract:For effective climate change adaptation methods, awareness of locals should be used in conjunction with scientific knowledge systems for impact reduction. However, there is evidence that the majority of Kenya’s population is unaware of climate change, despite climate variability being experienced in the country. Reduced crop yields in some rural areas like Lower Nyakach Division points to the fact that level of awareness among local farmers may be low, further questioning the availability of extension services in the area. The general objective of the study was to assess the farmers’ level of awareness and extension services available for mitigation of climate change effects in Lower Nyakach Division, Kenya. Specific objectives were to: examine the source of climate change information available to local farmers; explore the effects of climate change experienced by local farmers, and to assess the extension services available to local farmers for mitigation of climate change effects. Descriptive cross sectional design was used on a target population of 2504 households stratified in 4 sub locations. The sample size comprised 10% of the target population as recommended by Gay & Diehl (1992), representing 250 households. Data was collected using structured questionnaire from household heads. It was found that farmers were aware of common short and inconsistent patterns of rainfall, and floods in the recent past accompanied with strange diseases like Miguna Miguna and invasion of army worms. Radio is the main source of weather information, implying that radio broadcast is a better avenue for passing weather information. However, there are inadequate extension services, lack of financial resources, and lack of government subsidies. It is recommended that extension officers should use village barazas to disseminate climate change information, and that capital support be availed to farmers to enhance their capabilities. Further studies should be done on contribution of radio broadcasts on adaptation to climate change, and effect of climate information flow on adaptation practices to climate change.

Abstract:Mariculture projects are implemented along the coast of Kenya to provide an additional livelihood source and address the problem of poverty among the coastal communities. Development of mariculture has however lagged behind due to negative beliefs and attitudes. This study was carried out in Kwale, Mombasa and Kilifi Counties of the coast of Kenya to examine the influence of attitudes towards mariculture enterprises on the implementation of mariculture projects. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of attitudes towards benefits of mariculture enterprises on the implementation of mariculture projects, and to establish the influence of attitudes towards costs of mariculture enterprises on the implementation of mariculture projects. A quantitative research approach was used with the application of survey method. The study revealed that mariculture has been adopted as a source of livelihood and income by more women than men in the coast of Kenya. Most of the respondents had attained different levels of primary education. The degree of success in the implementation of mariculture projects was moderate and the products generated by mariculture made beneficiaries happy. Correlation analysis showed that there is a significant and strong positive relationship between attitudes towards benefits of mariculture and project implementation, implying that higher levels of benefits from mariculture projects would be associated with better implementation of mariculture projects. On the other hand, attitudes towards costs of mariculture was statistically insignificant and therefore considered less important compared to attitudes towards the benefits of mariculture.

Abstract:This study examined students’ academic performances in Islamic Religious Studies (I.R.S) as recorded in West African Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations (WASSCE) in selected public and private senior secondary schools in Ogun Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State, South-west Nigeria. The researcher used WAEC results and grading of 2 50 candidates who sat for I.R.S examinations between 2009 and 2013.
The method of sample selection adopted was by random sampling technique from the thirteen (13) public schools and numerous private schools in the area. The instrument used to collect data for the study was an inventory titled Secondary Schools Academic Performance Inventory (SSAPI). The data collected were analyzed using simple percentages with frequency distribution tables showing different data analyses to measure students’ performance.
The study revealed that there was a significant and appreciable trend of good results recorded by the candidates who sat for I.R.S WASSCE examination within the years under review especially in cumulative examination results of over 80% and this was attributed to many factors which were also enumerated and discussed.
It was then recommended based on the findings that the state ministry of education, policy makers, school owners and I.R.S teachers should continue to join hands in providing instructional and needed materials under conducive atmosphere to ease teaching and learning of the subject. Researchers are also urged to do more researches and results analyses frequently on the students’ academic performances in certification examinations in different areas and regions in order to ascertain the trend of  students’  successes or failures for better planning and improvement.

Abstract:Indian dance and drama had evolved around 2000 years ago. Natyasastra, a treatise deals with the dramaturgy and dance was written by Bharata Muni approximately near 200B.C. which proves the existence of dance and drama during those eras. The existence of both the art forms Koodiattam and Sadir can be traced during that time, although the names and the forms were little different from today. This topic mainly focussed on the critical study of Koodiattam and Sadir in terms of origin and development. Koodiattam is a Sanskrit drama traced around 200 B.C. in present Kerala .But the exact period of evolution of this particular drama is still unknown.  Sadir forms the modified form of Dasiattam which has evolved 2000 years ago. The massive development of Dasiattam or present Bharatnatyam took place in 17th century where the new name Sadir came into existence. The continuous development and modification of these two art forms happened throughout in these years. The different factors affected these two forms. Sometimes both of these got enormous support and contributions from royal patrons especially between 16th to 19th century and at the same time these have witnessed declination due to various issues. The various personalities also renovated and revived these art forms mainly during last century and held responsible in popularizing and propagating these art forms in every aspects. About evolution and growth, many similarities and dissimilarities can be found between Koodiattam and Sadir in this regards. This paper covers the entire origin and development of Koodiattam and Sadir and how these art forms travelled from 200 B.C. to present day.
Keywords:Origin, Development, Sadir, Koodiattam, Dance, Sanskrit Drama, Chakyars, Devadasis.
Title: The Origin and Development of Sadir and Koodiattam – A Critical Study
Author: Moumita Mitra, Dr. Sheela H.K. Shridhar

ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications

Abstract:  This paper aimed to analyze Robert Frost’s poem “The Road Not Taken” from the vantage point of the New Criticism.  The analysis runs in the poem’s title, symbolism, rhyme, form and meter, point of view, setting, sound, and themes. 
New Criticism is the name given to a style of criticism advocated by a group of academics writing in the first half of the 20th century. New Criticism, like Formalism, tended to consider texts as autonomous and “closed,” meaning that everything that is needed to understand a work is present within it. The reader does not need outside sources, such as the author’s biography, to fully understand a text; while New Critics did not completely discount the relevance of the author, background, or possible sources of the work, they did insist that those types of knowledge had very little bearing on the work’s merit as literature. Like Formalist critics, New Critics focused their attention on the variety and degree of certain literary devices,  specifically metaphor, irony, tension, and paradox. The New Critics emphasized “close reading” as a way to engage with a text, and paid close attention to the interactions between form and meaning.

Abstract:In Nigeria, elections - the only available process of political leadership choices and succession - do perennially leave a sour taste in the mouths of the electorate. Nigerians haplessly bemoan human and material losses engineered by hoodlums sponsored by rival camps in vile tussle for the control of their destiny. Successive elections have come to depict chaos, violence, and confusion. Almost in all cases where the competition is keen, caution is thrown to the winds, as the competitors revel in orgies of mayhem, arson and killings, and such other conducts which brazenly abbreviate societal peace and progress, sacrifice patriotism and nationalism on the altar of entrenched personal interest. Given such a picture as history has repeatedly painted with grim outlines, elections are often heralded by palpable tension and held amidst open brigandage, culminating in voter apathy which had quite invariably aided endemic mal-administration. This essay contends that Nigerian politicians have routinely succeeded not only in wrecking monumental damage on peoples' psyche, but have also made good governance in the country quite illusory. Yet, aside open confrontation or physical violence, there are collateral losses in the form of psychological and institutional violence unleashed on the whole electoral process, and by implication, democratic governance in the country.

Abstract:This research study delved into what and how the prevailing conditions affected the academic performance of indigenous people’s school. On the basis of this analysis, an educational plan was proposed to improve the academic performance of indigenous people’s school.
The study made use of the following prevailing conditions that affect the indigenous peoples’ schools’ academic performance; home environment, parent participation, school location and environment, school facilities and equipment and support from external stakeholders.
From the findings, home environment, parent participation and school facilities and equipment were very influential on the academic performance of the schools. Whereas, school location and environment had an influence on the academic performance of the schools. Therefore, the prevailing conditions have significant relationship on the academic performance of the indigenous peoples’ schools.
Based on ANOVA computations, there was significant difference that existed between the level of influence of the prevailing conditions of indigenous peoples’ schools and the characteristics of the respondents when they were grouped according to their educational qualifications and teaching service/ work experience. Whereas, there is no significant difference between the level of influence of the prevailing conditions and the age and gender characteristics of the respondents.

Abstract: With technological advancement social media use has risen amongst teenagers with a wide range of site choices that include: facebook, whatsaap, instagram, twitter and lots of others. This subjects them to encounters with peers and adults posting sexual graphics and texts that are offensive and which to a great extent compromise their morals. Sexual harassment has become so commonplace that many accept it as something everyone puts up with. However, sexual harassment is unacceptable, causing personal pain and embarrassment, creating a negative school environment, and leading to more violent behaviors such as harassment and threats online, including public posting of malicious personal information about teenagers following disagreements with online friends. In this study Cultivation theory was used as the theoretical framework to explain how long exposures to social media sites propagate sexual moral decadence leading to incidences of heavy users sexually harassing their peers either online or offline. Descriptive case study design was used and simple random sampling of 13 secondary schools of various clusters: single gender, mixed gender, day and boarding.  The findings of the study pointed to recommendations to the Ministry of Education, teachers and parents to take part in controlling and regulating the social media content by being aware of what the teenagers are exposed to in order to take necessary measures to curb sexual harassment and consequently poor grades in schools threatening appropriate quality of a country’s education. 

Abstract:DepEd Order No. 108,   1990, Regulating the Sharing of Motion, Pictures/Films in School, as subject provided by law, the use of audio-visual aids and other reading devices, e.g. radio, television, movies, to facilitate learning in schools, is highly encouraged.

Abstract:Previously, there had been hue and cry by the general public that the police always obtained statements from suspects by the use of force, thereby make them confess the crime they did not commit. In order to guarantee that the accused person has given statement to the police voluntarily, Judges’ rules were made in Nigeria to guide the police and other agencies who investigate crimes, when questioning any person suspected of committing a crime. It is therefore, these rules of administrative practice that this article sets out to examine its historical development in England and Nigeria. The paper further looks at the application and extent of adherence to Judges’ Rules in Nigeria. It discusses problems of non-observance of these Rules by the police in Nigeria and concludes with recommendations that our code of practice should be amended in line with the 1994 United Kingdom`s model.

Abstract: For decades, Africa has been plagued by economic distress through illicit financial flows from corruption, tax evasion, cybercrime, drug trade and transfer mispricing hence constricting her fiscal space. The continent has lost nearly US$1 Trillion in fiscal leakages exacerbated by illicit financial flows within and outside its borders and some of these illicit funds have been used to create or sponsor insurgency, warlords and terrorism hence undermining democratic governance and security. This has created catastrophic conditions of empowering those illegitimate institutions and organisations which later challenge democratic governance through insurrections, civil strife and terrorism. Illicit financial flows deprive Africa of its already scarce resources, deflate tax revenue, threaten continental peace and security, rule of law as well as create unstable conditions. The borderless nature of the internet has also proven to be a haven for cybercrimes as large sums of money are illicitly embezzled and digitally transferred with minimal success in detecting, thwarting or reversing such clandestine transactions. Africa needs to be proactive in this 21st century era to eschew any form of illicit financial flows from all sectors in order to curtail fiscal seepages.

Abstract: Southern Rhodesia had been engulfed by a marauding civil war which had enveloped the country for years. The British had to intervene in order to salvage the country from sliding to the brink of the abyss by the advent of the Lancaster House conference which led to the cessation of hostilities between the belligerent parties, hence paving the way for elections and independence. The success of British preventive diplomacy of negotiation and mediation was apparent; ceasefire, election monitoring and peaceful transition. The dexterous ability of the British to cajole the belligerent parties to agree to an independence constitution and to reach a compromise was an acid test that the British government passed. The independence constitution constituted the bedrock for any further negotiations to come. The warring factions had ambivalent views, with the Patriotic Front leaders envisaging a sovereign state which would control the police, army, judiciary and civil service. They also hoped that the British would monitor and supervise the elections hence were willing to exchange the bullet with the ballot. For Muzorewa, this gave him the opportunity to argue that the holding of another election would be tantamount to unnecessary duplication of activities since he had been democratically elected in the Zimbabwe-Rhodesia internal settlement. Ian Smith argued that he had bridged the dichotomy between black and white, with black numerical superiority in the house of assembly. The agreement at Lancaster House had very sound and commendable provisions on constitutional democracy, legislative system, elections, the executive and criminal justice. However, the land issue which was the major bone of contention and the long term cause of the war was not dealt with amicably at the conference. It was supposed to be expedited, were a matter of immediacy and not a matter of prolongation. This procrastination sowed seeds of disgruntlement and betrayal that later gave rise to catastrophic consequences between Zimbabwe and Britain in particular and the International Community in general.

Abstract:The utilization of plants and their resources for combating various ailments/diseases predates written history and they are still in use all. Recent scientific evidence has revealed that many plants considered to be medicinal are potentially toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. This study aimed at determining and implements the extraction of pairs of ailments/diseases that can be cured by a set of medicinal plants. The study was able to extract sets of ailments/diseases that frequently occur together, from a repository database. Using apriori Algorithm, it was possible to implement the extraction and as well link the diseases with the set of medicinal plants that can cure the diseases. Since the major mission of World Health Organization is to help save lives and improve health (health is linked to economic development and poverty reduction); hence it is in support of the promotion of traditional/complementary medicine which differs globally by location and country. Therefore the Nigerian government through the Ministry of Health should encourage and assist the traditional herbal healthcare professionals. This will also guide the standardization and control of the quality and quantity of indigenous drug production. On the other hand, massive awareness campaign should be carried to sensitize the people on the dangers of the indiscriminate use of botanical medicine.

Keywords:Poverty, Diseases, Medicinal Plants, Apriori Algorithm, Nigeria.
Title: Poverty Reduction through Diseases Eradication: A Look at Botanical Medicine in Nigeria (An Application of Apriori Algorithm)
Author: Yemi-Peters, Victoria I., Okon, Emmanuel O., Joshua B. Agbogun
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications