Indexing

Abstract: This paper explores the status of the Nigerian music industry through the paradigm of its music promotion, marketing, and distributing structure. Using ethnographic and bibliographic sources, the study traces the history of the Nigerian recording industry which nose-dived from the late 1980s with the exit of major label operations like Sony, Polygrams and EMI due to political and economic factors and recognised the impetus given the music scene through the resilience and creativity of the new hip hop generation who now have to contend with myriads of challenges among which is piracy and copyrights issues. While highlighting some of these challenges, the paper presents an array of possibilities as well as recommendations and concludes that with proper structuring and intervention, the Nigerian music industry can be a major player within the global music scene, and be a viable revenue earner for the country aside from crude oil.

Abstract: The Kenya Government has invested resources on Free Primary Education in order to improve on the pupil’s academic performance. Despite the high investment in training school heads, the performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) in many schools is still low especially in Tindiret Sub-County. This may be attributed to several influences of headteachers leadership styles among other factors. Poor academic performance in some schools has resulted to public outcry, protests by parents. This study investigated the extent to which selected headteachers’ leadership styles influences pupils’ academic performance. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 76 headteachers and 532 teachers in Tindiret Sub-County. Two-self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data on headteachers’ and teachers’ perceptions on school leadership styles in relation to academic performance. Document analysis of KCPE results gathered information about the school KCPE performance from 2011 to 2014.  The results of the study’s findings were that, the autocratic and laissez faire leadership styles had significant negative relationship with school performance in schools. Democratic and transformational leadership styles had significant positive relationship (p<0.05) with academic performance of schools. The study recommends that school head teachers to involve other stakeholders in decision making, they should involve teachers and pupils in setting school targets, they should hold regular meetings and champion the application of transformational leadership ideals.

Title: Psychological Problems Faced By People Living With HIV in the Era of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
Author: Manjula A Rao, JohnRamapuram, Deepak Madi, M Shashidhar Kotian, Dr. Suphala S Kotian
ISSN 2349-7831
International Journal of Recent Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJRRSSH)
Paper Publications

Abstract: ISO Certification involves integration of processes in an organization in such a manner that there is continuous improvement which is aimed at attaining customer satisfaction and achieving organizational targets and goals. State corporations in Kenya have had their fair share of challenges in achieving their organizational performance targets and as a result they have adopted ISO certification as one of the management measures to mitigate these challenges. It is for this reason that this study examined the role of ISO certification on organizational performance in state corporations in Kenya. The target population was 1,120 employees of five ISO certified state corporations in Kisumu town, Kenya. Using Krejcie and Morgan table, 275 respondents were sampled through systematic random sampling design. Data collection instruments that were used were questionnaires and document analysis. Content validity was achieved through peer review of questionnaires while reliability was measured using test-retest method. Data analysis was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS 18.0 and presented through distribution tables. Pearson Correlation Co-efficient for organizational targets was 0.546, while for management commitment was 0.596, for customer focus was 0.717 and for monitoring of processes was 0.688; all showed a positive and significant correlations with Organizational Performance. Regression analysis indicated that all ISO Certification variables contributed to significant and positive change in performance. The researcher therefore concluded that ISO Certification play a role on Organizational Performance in state corporations in Kenya.

Abstract: This paper is discussed about a comparative study of library Web-OPAC on five major LMS (Library Management System) software. The ter OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Web-OPAC is nothing but while the OPAC is accessed through a web browser over Internet. The selected five LMS software are Koha, Libsys, Alice for Windows, NewGenLib and Virtua. It focused on their Web-OPAC attributes and properties. This study describes the five LMS software to find out  suitable Web-OPAC attributes by visiting the Web-OPACs of institutions / organizations  where using those software. There is a table of comparative statement by putting the attributes and properties on those five software. As result, it found the major attributes which should be integrated in an efficient Web-OPAC. 

Abstract: The significance of parental participation in education achievement of learners at any level cannot be over-emphasized. Despite the Kenyan government policy that requires parents to be actively involved in the education of their children at six levels. Available studies show that parents are not as actively involved as required and even those who are involved; their involvement is limited to provision of finances, facilities and attendance of meetings. The study sought to investigate challenges facing parents in their active participation in the education of pre-school learners in Kiogoro Division, Kisii County, with a view of suggesting ways of promoting active parental participation in education of pre-school learners. The study reviewed various literatures on some past studies and assessed their contribution to the objectives of this study. The study used descriptive survey design to carry out the study with both qualitative and quantitative methodologies of collecting data. The study sample comprised of 10 pre-schools, 10 primary school head teachers, 10 pre-school teachers and 111 parents. The study used simple random sampling to select pre-school teachers and parents. Purposive sampling was used to select primary school head teachers and pre-school teachers. Data was collected by use of questionnaire, interview schedule and document analysis guide. Coded data was presented using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages presented in tables as well as Pearson correlation to establish the relationship between the variable. The study found that lack of clear policies in preschools regarding parental participation, lack of proper mode of communication with their children; poor parent-preschool teacher relationship, unfavourable head teachers’ leadership style and illiteracy among the parents were some of the challenges facing parents in their active participation in education of preschool learners. Parents should be encouraged through various programs on participation in education welfare of their preschool learners. Awareness programs for parents should be organized informing them on the benefit of their participation in education activities for their children. Parents should also be enlightened on the best communication practices with both their children and the school administration to foster good parent-teacher and parent-child relationship. The study suggest that future studies should be done on institutional factors influencing parental participation in education welfare of the preschool learners and socio-demographic factors influencing parental participation in education welfare of the preschool learners.

Abstract: The Central African Republic like the heart World, through the vicissitudes given its geographical position. Its accession in 1960 to the Maoist movement has been consolidated by the China-Africa Forum held in October 2000 in Beijing. It is in this perspective that President François Bozize, September 10, 2009, appealed to his Chinese counterpart Hu Jintao to invest in his country. Which marks the presence of China at the head of the CAR in the peace process and economic rehabilitation. But many development projects have been suspended for the seizure of power by the Seleka coalition March 24, 2013.  However, CAR continues to rely on the strategic actions of China in the field of new technology for its agro-pastoral development to food self-sufficiency.

Abstract: This study investigates the parental level of income in pre-school preference for their young children in Nyamira division, Nyamira county-Kenya. The objective of this study was to determine the sources that parents use to earn income to support their children in preschools. The target population was 79 head teachers, 227 pre-school teachers and 4200 parents whose children are in pre-school from both public and private schools from 3 zones in Nyamira Division. The sample size was 10% of the target population and random and purposive sampling techniques was used to sample the population, Mugenda and Mugenda (2006). The study adopted descriptive research design and was informed by the Bromfenbrenner’s ecological theory of human development. The data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. Simple random techniques and purpose techniques were used to select primary school head teacher, pre-school teachers and parents. Using simple random sampling techniques, 10% of the parents were selected. Purposive sampling was used to select the 10% of for primary school head teachers and pre-school head. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics was used to describe and summarize data in form of frequencies distribution tables and means. The inferential statistics was used to make inference sand draw conclusions.The statistical package for social sciences (SSPS) version 22 was used to analyze data. Those from the interview schedules were analyzed using thematic analysis approach. The study found that parents with high income levels preferred private and expensive preschools due to quality of education offered in those preschools. On the other hand parents with low income prefer either cheap or public preschools for their children. The key recommendation was that the government should support parents with grants and small loans so that they can be able to support their preschool children in better and quality preschools.

Abstract: This study had developed and evaluated concept maps as viable educational technology to facilitate learning and assessment. The development process concluded upon establishing validity and reliability. These maps were classified into two: concept maps to facilitate learning; and, fill-in-the-maps to facilitate assessment. A one group pre-test-posttest pre-experimental design was employed. Fill-in-the-maps were utilized for unit pre-tests and posttests. Complete concept maps were used to facilitate learning. For midterm examination, students were given composition as basis for constructing concept map. For final examination, students were provided concept maps to write their own composition. Rubrics were used to assess students’ outputs. z-test for correlated means showed significant increases of  Mean Percentage Score (MPS) from pre-test to posttest. The overall posttest result was correlated with those of objective, fill-in-the-map, map construction and composition writing. Significant correlations were observed. Results accentuated that concept maps can be developed and evaluated to facilitate learning and assessment.

Abstract: This study determines the parental level education in pre-school preference for their young children in Nyamira division Kenya. The objective of this study was to determine the parents’ level of education that influences pre-school preference. The target population was 79 head teachers, 227 pre-school teachers and 4200 parents whose children are in pre-school from both public and private schools. The study adopted descriptive research design and was informed by the Bromfenbrenner’s ecological theory of human development. The sampled population was done by 10%, Mugenda and Mugenda (2006 ) the data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. Simple random techniques and purpose techniques were used to select primary school head teacher, pre-school teachers and parents. Using simple random sampling techniques 10% of the parents were selected while using purposive sampling primary school head teachers and pre-school head teachers were selected by 10%. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics was used to describe and summarize data in form of frequencies distribution tables and means. The inferential statistics was used to make inference sand draw conclusions. The findings were that parents with a minimum of secondary school education had their children admitted in private, expensive but well performing pre-schools. Those who are with low education attainment preferred to admit their children in cheap, low performing or average performing pre-schools. The recommendations were that parents should be enlightened on the importance of pre-school education and being taken to workshops to improve their literacy. The key recommendation was that the school stakeholders such as parents, Directors and the government should provide work in collaboration to provide learners with best learning environment regardless of the educational background of their parents.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to establish whether the Ministry trained and developed its staff at the Embassy in Washington D.C. and the two offices in Los Angeles and New York.  The study also looked at ways that the Ministry can use in training and developing these diplomats and consular staff. In her study, the researcher found out that majority of the staff at the Embassy preferred their training needs assessment carried out from time to time.  This was because there were those who would have liked to move up the ladder and this could only happen if this exercise was carried out in order to generate data that would provide Management with information regarding actual performance and what is required to successfully execute the strategic work plan of the Ministry. It, therefore, means that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will need to carry out an exercise of Training Needs Assessment in order to gather information on performance gaps.

Abstract: The researcher had set out to fill the gap that existed and that made employees not realize their goals.  The study paid a lot of attention on the aspect of Performance appraisal systems  as they solve the review process problem—normally a formidable and cumbersome task—by making it both efficient and effective for managers and employees. Human resource often gets bogged down with the process, and managers are often untrained in delivering effective reviews that actually impact workforce performance and help grow the business. In her findings, the researcher had employees of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs saying that there was engagement with supervisors although it was not a 360 degree process. So what is the purpose of a performance appraisal system?

Abstract: The study focused on the challenges of workplace conflict affecting performance of diplomats and consular staff at the Kenyan Embassy in the United States of America. In formulating the statement of the problem, the researcher addressed the question of resolving challenges of workplace conflict that affect performance of diplomats and consular staff in the United States of America. The ideal expectation was that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was to meet its targets as set by the Government of Kenya. The real situation that existed was that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not meet the set targets. The problem was that employees of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs had not performed to their optimum in order to realize set goals.  Under-performance formed the gap. It was this gap that the researcher set out to fill.

Abstract: HIV/AIDS is a critical concern in Kenya, ever since the HIV/AIDS virus was identified, many campaigns have been put in place, and people have been made aware of the various effects of the virus. However, much emphasis has been on the physiological effects, but little concern has been given to the major psychological effects the virus can have on individuals who contract the HIV virus. There is strong evidence that people who have been diagnosed with HIV are more likely to develop a mental health or psychological problem such as anxiety or depression. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the psychological challenges faced by people who are living with HIV/AIDS in Nakuru municipality and how they cope with those challenges. A sample of 248 out of a target population of 700 was used. The instruments used to collect data were questionnaires and interviews schedules. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that most of the women living with HIV/AIDS suffer stigma, anger, trauma, denial and fear of disclosure. The disparities that existed among the singles and the married revealed that one’s marital status determined the extent to which one was stigmatized, angered, traumatized, and experienced denial or fear of disclosure. These findings have implications for developing interventions to support the psychological needs of people living with HIV, to accurately reflect the views and needs of the target users.

Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been in existence for more than twenty years and women account for nearly half the 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Women’s rate of new infection surpasses men’s because biological, cultural, and social economic conditions contribute to women’s greater vulnerability to HIV. The challenges that these low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS face are social, economic, and psychological. When a woman is sick the family’s property, the children’s education, savings and food security are threatened because women provide the majority of labour and managerial services for their household. The purpose of the study was to establish the social challenges that face low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS. A sample of 248 out of a population of 700 who were receiving Home Based Care within Nakuru Municipality was selected. The study was a survey where Questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that low income women living with HIV/AIDS faced various social challenges such as shame, discrimination, and causing strain in the family among others. The disparities that existed among the singles and the married revealed that one’s marital status determined the extent to which one was ashamed, evoked negative changes in the behaviour of family members and experienced discrimination based on their HIV/AIDS status. The implications of the findings is that the public support for the low-income women living with HIV/AIDS is inadequate and mostly material, and emotional support is also crucial in the management and coping with HIV/AIDS.

Abstract: This study was carried out in Nyamira South District, Nyamira County in the Republic of Kenya. This study was compelled by the frequent low performances of students in KCSE each year when results are released. The purpose of the study was establish the pedagogical influences on students’ academic achievements, teaching learning facilities, teachers’ motivation and teachers’ professional experience on students’ academic performance. The study established curriculum delivery based factors leading to differences exhibited by different secondary schools in the district. Descriptive survey design of the ex post facto type was used. The location of the study was Manga in Nyamira County- Kenya where dismally low performance has been perennially exhibited. The Districts Education Officers (DEOs), Head the Education department at the sub county while the county is under the County Director of Education. The population constituted 18 public secondary schools in Nyamira South District with a total 225 teachers and 2800 students. The  sample  constituted  of secondary schools which have presented student for KCSE at any one time that  is 18  public  secondary  schools 23 teachers , 280 students  which is 10%  the population  (Mugenda  & Mugenda  2003) and  1 District Education  Officer. Simple random sampling was employed to obtain student sample obtained through stratified random sampling. It reveals that pedagogy influences performance, these findings indicate that different pedagogy employed determines the performance outcome.  Majority of the respondents prefer that learners centred types of pedagogy are best related to good performance  unlike the lecture- teachers centred teaching  method  which  many felt is a  factor towards poor performance and High level motivation of teachers  increase morale in terms of  rewards  and remuneration will increase the morale of teachers hence committed to their work reducing  absenteeism  and changing  their altitude  which will lead   to  syllabus  coverage  and like of profession  leading  to learners  confidence  and eventually improved  good performance in public  secondary  school in Manga in Nyamira County.

Abstract: National integration is an idea of belongingness to a nation. Secularism, a word patronized by G.H. Holyoaks means separation of the church from the state and gives a position of neutrality between different religions.  Integration is more of a geographical identity and touches the core of sensitivity to national activities and causes. Secularism is an important aspect of Indian society, for this India is known in the entire world. A unique feature of our country is that it is the playground of all the major religions of the world and these have flourished here since their inception in the country. The Sanatana Dharma as understood from Vedas talks of essential unity of manhood. From time immemorial we find the common people in villages lived harmoniously for centuries without being disturbed by the wars waged by the rulers. The invasions of Mughal and Aryans and their like added cultures and religions to the already diversified India. The disrupters of communal harmony has its roots in the divide & rule policy practiced by the British and after the independence, it is due to the electoral politics pursued by the politicians. The cross border import of communalism encouraged by the vested interests also fueled tensions within the religion and then the country. Underneath the turbulence of communal discord, we find a natural tendency of the people for an inherent secularism in our country. One can worship a god of one’s choice based on family values or adherences, and respect others for having their own sense of this. An attempt is made in this article to explain the sources of discord among the religions and we tried to present a few solutions as well. The article tries to study the inherent secular values of the Indians and try to portray things from Indian perspective.

Abstract: Gujjar and bakerwal Leadership is not too good as compare to other communities in state of Jammu and Kashmir as they are not much aware about the social, economic, cultural and political developments taking place around the world. In this paper an attempt has been made to know various dimensions of Emerging Pattern of Gujjar and Bakerwal leadership in State Politics of Jammu and Kashmir. The seeds of Gujjar and Bakerwal leadership can be found in Darbar Baba Jee Sahab. However, the political and social role of the Darbar is inseparable from the history of Jammu and Kashmir. Offering the marginalised and excluded people an alternative platform to the first political party of Jammu and Kashmir way back in 1932 to representing people in all terms of legislative assembly including the Constituent Assembly in 1952 the Darbar of Baba Jee Sahab becomes an essential component of the political life of Jammu and Kashmir, significantly in both phases –pre-1947 as well as post-1947. This paper is conceptual in nature based on secondary sources i.e. Books, Journals, Articles, newspapers, Reports etc.

Abstract: Indian writers were exposed to literature in the English language only during the nineteenth century when they were under the British regime. The Indian novelists of the pre-independence and post-independence periods attempted writing novels on new subjects. They dealt especially with three major themes- the Indian National Movement for freedom, their faith in Indian life and the problems of adjustment, which a westernized Indian encounters in India. The character of Indian novel is bound to vary from language to language and is bound to be conditioned by the regional linguistic and cultural peculiarities and characteristic of the writer and his environment.

Abstract: This study established that the International Public Official (IPO) exists as a result of international agreements between sovereign states. Secondly, IPOs function exclusively in the interest of the international community, which comes about as a result of such agreements. Thirdly, IPOs do not belong to the administrative system of any state and have a special status.

Abstract: The study addressed the following: “What is the nature of the post of the international public official at the UN Secretariat and what practical actions could be taken at institutional level to promote the qualities required of them as well as alleviating the problems encountered by them?”Becoming an international public official has its own challenges.  People become uprooted from their home environment, lose contact with the mainstream of their professions and get out of touch with reality of their countries.  Their children may encounter difficulties in their studies and often become expatriates.  Some international public officials lose the professional qualifications required for an outside job when they want to change careers, when they stay for many years at the Secretariat.   They become trapped in and subservient to their superiors.

Abstract: The study sought to understand the structure of the United Nations Secretariat and its Secretaries-General who have worked for this body since inception in 1945. The United Nations was formed after the League of Nations failed in its activities after World War  II.  The Secretariat of the UN is an international body that assembles personnel from various parts of the world whose duty it is to perform a considerable mass of work.   These international staff works at Headquarters in New York, at the UN office in Geneva, at its complex in Vienna, in Nairobi, and in other international centers around the World.

Abstract: The study looked at the creation of International Governmental Institutions (IGIs) with emphasis on the international cooperation; the development of IGIs, the development of the position of the international public official, how International Public Officials differ from National Public Officials, and how they conduct international public administration. This study concluded with giving the reader the importance of International Public Administration.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to understand how the United Nations (UN) functions and how the UN constitutes membership. It also delved into.  The study provided a background to the establishment of the United Nations, its Charter and its purposes. Literature review included books on the UN System and its specialized agencies. It concluded with the structural organization of the UN and its Secretariat.

Abstract: Children’s physical activity performance levels vary by provisions and quality of outdoor areas despite this; many pre-schools do little to create the kind of outdoor environment and experiences that are important for young children. The study therefore aimed to finding out the implication of outdoor environment on children’s physical activity level. The study was based on Descriptive survey design. It involved; 44 primary school head teachers, 44 pre-school lead teachers and 309 final pre-school class pupils (88% 88% and 19% of the study population respectively), selected using cluster, purposive and simple random sampling design respectively. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedule and Observation checklist. The major findings included that there was a relatively weak relationship between the availability, adequacy, effectiveness and site of various components of outdoor environment in ECDE centres and the ability of preschool children’s ability to Performing various loco-motor activities and Rhythmic Movement Activities. The results from observation and interview schedules indicated that a rich outdoor environment had a positive influence on preschool children‘s development of various skills. The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders need to invest in the provision of outdoors so as to enhance children’s physical activity levels.

Abstract: Shaikh- ul Aalam the Alamdar of Kashmir was born towards the last quarter of the 14th century C.E and emerged as the cultural leader of the populace at a time when Kashmir was at the cross –roads of its socio-cultural and religio-political transition. In the backdrop of political uncertainty which witnessed the end of centuries of Hindu rule and the subsequent establishment of Muslim sultanate in Kashmir, there started arriving in Kashmir a long band of Muslim Religious missionaries who received exemplary patronage from the new Muslim political establishment. Secondly the unprivileged sections of Kashmiri society who happened to be annoyed by the caste-ridden Socio-religious fabric of Hindu society duly approved by unfriendly Brahman religious elite, showed marked signs for coming into the ambit of new social order.
Shaikh- ul Aalam played a significant role by exposing the exploitative machinations of caste-conscious Brahmans. For this purpose he used common Man’s language ‘Kashur’ to propagate his message to the common masses. In this paper I want to highlight those Shruks (verses, poetry) of shaikh -ul Aalam which provide the message and ideas for an ideal society free of casteism, injustice and irrelevant mass exploitation.

Abstract: Environment in developing countries like India have been threatened by problems like poverty, pollution, overpopulation, degradation and depletion of environment. As such, the environmental protection and preservation has been an urgent need of the hour. Realizing its importance, it has been enshrined in the Constitution of India, which requires both the state and the citizen to protect, preserve and improve the environment. Considering the seriousness of the problem only inclusion in Constitution will not help a lot in preserving our environment, but the issue should be initiated at the grass root level i.e. in family, school and society. In the changing scenario of our society attitude of an individual are greatly affected by family, teachers, school environment, teaching methods, learning styles and many other factors and they all have a great impact on the personality development of the child. It is well accepted fact that healthy family environment, co-operative learning and environmental education can help a lot in the development of positive desirable attitude towards environment among future citizens.

Abstract: In lay language, the term abortion is generally considered synonymous with criminal abortion, whereas the term miscarriage generally implies that the pregnancy Stopped spontaneously. The law does not recognize such a distinction. It defines a criminal abortion as one that is illegally induced, that is to say, one which is not justified by the circumstances. . This paper aim to identify the pattern of unsafe abortion, to identify different types of injuries inflicted in attempted abortion and their outcomes regarding maternal morbidity and mortality.
Methods: The present study was conducted by the Department of Medico legal Institute, Egypt from JANUARY 2013 to DECEMBER 2014. The material for the present study comprises of information obtained from the patients’ case records for 24 patients registered as cases of criminal abortion.
Results and discussion: The overall mean age of cases who had  abortion in our study  occurs in age group 36-40 years; mean age 37.7 ± 1.4 (n= 9; 42%). And the majority of cases (n=9, 37.5%) were found in the 4th decade.  In the majority of cases (n=9; 37.5%) abortion, resulted from physical violence due to argument and the assailants were usually neighbors. Beating and kicking at abdomen causing abortion to a young pregnant woman can be a method of revenge directed towards her or her husband in lower classes. Illegal pregnancy corresponded to only 12.5% (n=3) which is same percentage as that one of no reason for the criminal abortion. 
In 62.5% (n=15) the trauma induced abortion was mainly blunt trauma.  There were also 3 cases involved in biting. In 25% (n = 6) of the cases there was no trauma, the incident was alleged or didn’t end in abortion (D&C showed no fetal tissues).
As for interventions in the studied cases, 62.5% (n=15) of cases had surgical interference in the form of D&C (Dilatation and Curettage), while 37.5% of the cases  ( n=9)received only medical treatment. The majority of cases had no complication and out of 24 cases, only one case ended in death ( 4.1%).(Table 5). It was a case of illegal abortion and the victim died from perforated uterus and intestine ending in neurogenic shock and death.
Only one case ended in death (4.1%) due to from perforated uterus and intestine ending in neurogenic shock and death.
Conclusion: Legible documentation for criminal abortion shall ensure accurate and concrete planning for health status of women and other demographic data    which will improve the quality of life as well.

Abstract: The Qur’an, being the revealed text, preaches love, tolerance and sympathy for others. Peace, security, co-existence and human dignity are the central teachings of the Qur’an. The promotion of interreligious harmony and peace is one of the key aspects of the Qur’anic teachings. Today, the Qur’anic teachings have been misunderstood and misinterpreted in various ways. This is mainly because of the ignorance about the core teachings of the Qur’an and also because of some Muslim-named people, who are involved with terrorist activities, trying to gain their own interests. The purpose of the present study is to examine the basic teachings of the Qur’an regarding interreligious harmony through interreligious dialogue. It includes the life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as a burning example of interreligious peace and harmony.

Abstract: While there have been many researches done with regards to error analysis in mathematics, little is known about analysis of error detection abilities. It is necessary that mathematics educators understand the error detection abilities of the students so that appropriate instructions and materials can be given to the learners. In particular, this study investigates the error detection abilities of private school students in mathematics and the correlations with their written test results. A total of 41 private candidates who are reading mathematics sat for three written tests. The first test is an arithmetic test, which assesses the students’ understanding in number operations. The second test is on algebra, and the third test is an error detection test. The results from these three tests are consolidated and analyzed using Excel spreadsheets and a graphic calculator TI-84Plus. Statistical tools such as the regression line, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and the reliability coefficient are used to analyze the data and evaluate the error detection instrument. At the end of the study, it is found that the academic performance of the students in mathematics is highly correlated to their error detection abilities. At the same time, it is also found that the designed error detection test is a reliable instrument which is suitable to predict the future success of a student in mathematics with some limitations. This study is part of a growing body of research on error analysis in mathematics. In using the largely untapped source of students studying in a local private education institution, this project will definitely contribute to future research on similar topics.