Indexing

Abstract: This review study on polymer chemistry, a crucial chemical sub-discipline, is dedicated to the chemical synthesis of polymers, also known as macromolecules. It delves into their structure, physicochemical properties, and applications, particularly in the commercial sector. The study covers thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, and the various methodologies used to tailor their physical and chemical properties. Thermoplastic polymers, for instance, can be softened and solidified through cooling processes akin to metal melting and cooling. On the other hand, thermosets are typically three-dimensional networked polymers with a high degree of crystallinity, making them stable for vast temperature ranges. This stability makes them viable for use in diverse fields. Elastomers, another focus of this study, are rubbery polymers that can be easily extended to their elastic length many times without deforming their original dimension. The study also reviews the different techniques applied to these polymers in the polymer industry, along with the challenges and benefits faced in the current technology scenario.

Keywords: Thermoplasts, Thermosets, Elastomers, TANG technology, Sustainable technology.

Title: Methodologies with Relative Merits in Polymer Synthesis

Author: Kanchan Khare

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 141-157

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 30-March-2024

Abstract: Catalysis represents a very essential aspect of chemical production and industrial growth and development. However, designing ideal green catalysts for various chemical processes can be challenging as the usual theoretical noesis coupled with the customary traditional methods (involving reiterative trials-and-errors), can be exhausting, uneconomical and as well as appear inviable in certain cases. This is owing to the fact that going beyond the stale empirical techniques, as catalytic chemical processes become more and more advanced and complicated, catalysts design have advanced beyond the adopted theoretical studies into deep structural and morphological studies of the chemical space of catalytic materials and even as far as involving smart learning (which engages computer aid in catalysts design). Thus, in contribution to the research efforts made towards transcending the challenges encountered by catalyst design practitioners, this review highlights some noteworthy benefits of inculcating artificial intelligence, a top-down front liner approach which have essentially facilitated present day advancements in catalysts design and promotion of green catalysis.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Model, Reinforcement Learning, Automated Robotic Arm.

Title: Catalyst Design: A Narrative Study on Artificial Intelligence

Author: Alexander Sixtus Eko

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 113-140

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 26-March-2024

Abstract: Catalysis represents a very essential aspect of chemical production and industrial growth and development. Thus, in contribution to the research efforts made towards transcending the challenges encountered by catalyst design practitioners, this review highlights some noteworthy benefits of inculcating nanotechnology (bottom-up approach) a front liner technique which have essentially facilitated present day advancements in catalysts design and promotion of green catalysis. This review takes into account the challenges and opportunities encountered at different levels in its application, taking into consideration the prospects of interplay of nanotechnology with Artificial intelligence (from the previous studies) in catalyst design, and further proposes options that will be effective towards maneuvering the challenges encountered in catalyst design and structuring.

Keywords: Catalyst, Green Chemistry, Nanocatalysis.

Title: Catalyst Design: A Narrative Study on Nanocatalysis and Green catalysis

Author: Alexander Sixtus Eko

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 91-112

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 26-March-2024

Abstract: Cement dust exposure has been seen to cause severe health problem. However this study evaluated the effect of cement dust exposure on the biochemical parameters of block moulders and non-cement block moulders at Khana LGA. 70 men were involved in the study. 5ml of blood samples were collected from their vein in a sitting position with sterile syringe and needle into heparin bottle and were taken to the laboratory within 2hours after blood collection. Spectrophotometric methods were used to analyze the sample. Statistical analysis was done using mean and standard deviation. Some biochemical parameter analysed includes creatinine, urea, potassium and sodium. The result showed that creatinine and potassium have significant difference of (P<0.05) when compared with the control respectively, while sodium and urea has no significant difference when compare the subject with the control. However, cement dust exposure on cement block moulders have severe effect on the Biochemical parameters. In other to prevent this, workshop should be conducted yearly to educate cement block moulders on the precautionary measures to be taken. 

Keywords: Dust, Cement, Biochemical, Moulder, and Block.

Title: EFFECTS OF CEMENT DUST ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CEMENT BLOCK MOULDERS IN KHANA LGA, RIVERS STATE

Author: Henrrietta Ogadimma Asuzu-Samuel, John, Godson Nnamdi

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 86-90

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 18-February-2024

Abstract: An Indicator is an organic substance which shows a wide range of colour changes depending on the relative proportion of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in solution of that substance. In long search for less hazardous and eco-friendly chemical substances from natural products several scientists had extensively work on the use of flower extract as indicators and has proof to be effective. About 40g each of the flower petals were washed and grounded in a mortar with a pestle, and transferred into two different beakers one containing 400cm³ of ethanol and the other 400cm³ of distilled water and macerated carefully for about 48hours. The colour from the petals in the extract was cooled and filtered into a clean, labeled bottles with a stopper. The aqueous and ethanolic flower extract were tested with acid and base solutions to determine their colours in different media. Drops of the extracts were added into each 25cm³ of 0.1M NaOH and 0.1M NH₄OH and standardized with 0.1M HCl solution. The result revealed that the Cassia sieberiana DC extract colour is yellow in acid and orange in base. This property coincides with that of standard indicators used (Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange) which shows different colours in acidic and basic media. From the titration results of strong acid against strong base and strong acid against weak base show that the end point obtained for the Extract is closely related to that of synthetic indicators (phenolphthalein and methyl orange). The dye from the aqeuos extract has a λ_max at 500nm while that of the ethanolic extract has a λ_max at 520nm This results reveals that even the Cassia sieberiana DC extracts is suitable for strong acid- strong base and strong acid-weak base titrations in place of synthetic indicator.

Keywords: Acid, Base, Cassia sieberiana DC, Flower Extract, Indicator, Titration.

Title: THE USE OF Cassia sieberiana DC FLOWER EXTRACT AS AN INDICATOR IN ACID-BASE TITRATION

Author: Umar Mohammed, El-Hassan Aliyu, Umar Dahiru, Abubakar Saidu

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 83-85

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 14-February-2024

Retracted up on author Request.

Date: 12-February-2024

Abstract: The present study was conducted to determine the effect on some biochemical parameters by oral administration of coffee solution. 20 albino rats were used in this study. The animals were placed into 4 groups and were acclimatized for 7 days. Each group was administered a different dose of coffee solution with group 1 been the control group and received no coffee solution, while group 2 was administered with 0.25ml of coffee solution and group 3 was administered with 0.5ml of coffee solution, while group 4 was administered with 0.7ml solution. After 14 days of coffee solution administration, animals were sacrificed and 5ml of blood sample was collected through cardiac puncture into fluoride oxalate bottles. Some biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP Total protein and albumin) as well as some electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-) were analyzed using the appropriate reagent and standard procedure. Graphpad software was used for data analysis and significant value was established at P < 0.05. The result showed that coffee solution caused an increase or decrease as follows.0.75ml caused the highest decrease in ALT, 0.5ml caused the highest decrease in ALP, 0.25ml, 0.5ml and 0.75ml all caused an increase in AST, 0.75ml caused the highest decrease in Albumin, 0.75ml caused an increase in total protein, 0.75ml caused an increase in sodium, 0.25ml caused an increase in potassium, 0.25ml caused a decrease in bicarbonate and 0.25ml caused an increase in chloride.

Keywords: Coffee, Sodium Ions, Biochemical, Albino Rats and Potassium.

Title: EFFECT OF COFFEE ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ALBINO RATS

Author: Henrrietta Ogadimma Asuzu-Samuel, Karibo Amakiri Okari

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 64-70

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 27-January-2024

Abstract: To carry out the ecotoxicological assessment, heavy metals collected from the sediments of River Orashi were analyzed every month for one year using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The calculated Possible Environmental Pollution Indicator (PEPI) of the contaminated river at the sampling points showed that the metals assessed have low risk. The pollution of heavy metals was measured by comparing the Quality of Sediment Investigation Guide (QSIG) with the concentrations of the heavy metals measured. This was also used to measure the biological effects on the environment and the degree of contamination of sediment by the metals. The possible biological effects of heavy metals were also determined using the mean quotient for contaminants (mERMQ). The mERMQ values indicate a 12% probability of the investigated heavy metals being toxic in the sediment of the Orashi River at the sampling points. The degree of pollution of the environment and the poisoning of the living organisms were not severe as indicated by the calculated Modified Hazard Quotient (mHQ).

Keywords: sediment, ecotoxicological assessment, Possible Environmental Pollution Indicator (PEPI), Quality of Sediment Investigation Guide (QSIG), Modified Hazard Quotient (mHQ).  

Title: Ecotoxicological investigation of some metals in the surface sediment of a polluted river in Nigeria

Author: Fagbote Olufunmilayo, E. Olubunmi,   Uyi, Hanson Sylvanus

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 54-63

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 15-January-2024

Abstract: Total hydrocarbon content concentrations were determined in sediments collected from River Oluwa at Agbabu, Western Nigeria, in the dry season and rainy season. Samples were analyzed using the UV-vis spectrophotometer (HACH 2400). The average concentrations of total hydrocarbon content in sediment in the stations in the in the two seasons ranged from 1.26 ppm to 15.05 ppm. These values are higher than the WHO permissible level of 0.001μg/g for seafood in inland waters. The average hydrocarbon content in sediment collected during the dry season were significantly higher than the average concentration of total hydrocarbon content during the rainy season. The statistical analysis of the correlation coefficients of the values of THC at the sampling points are significant at 0.01, implying the hydrocarbons originated from biogenic sources due to the bitumen deposit in the environment and anthropogenic sources. High concentrations of total hydrocarbon observed is dangerous to the health of the rural dwellers at Agbabu because the total hydrocarbon can bioaccumulate and biomagnify and enter into River Oluwa and affect the biota through food chain. Therefore, seafood products from River Oluwa at Agbabu are unsafe, and should be consumed with caution.

Keywords: sediment, concentration, hydrocarbon, season, bitumen.  

Title: Hydrocarbon Profile of bitumen deposit-Impacted Sediment in Ondo State, Nigeria

Author: Olubunmi E. Olufunmilayo Fagbote

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 48-53

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 12-January-2024

Abstract: The use of nuclear radiation to diagnose, image and stage complex diseases such as cancer and its subsequent therapy makes nuclear medicine one of the most viable, dependable and effective healthcare practices in the developed world while it gains ground in developing countries. However, the practice is technically speckled with the risks of radiation overexposure particularly in therapy where radiation absorbed by the tumour tissues determine the success or otherwise of treatment while normal tissues are vulnerable. This paper reviews the methods to estimate absorbed radiation dose through the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides in one radiopharmaceutical, also called theranostics with emphasis on the quest for nuclear data for the production of these special radionuclides in order to furnish and advance quantitative methods that will sustain the approach and put the risks due to nuclear radiation at modicum.

Keywords: nuclear radiation, radionuclide, theranostics, absorbed radiation, radiopharmaceutical, overexposure.

Title: ABSORBED ENDOTHERAPEUTIC RADIATION DOSE AND THE FUTURE OF THERANOSTICS

Author: Zubaida G. Habib, Ahmad Idris

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 41-47

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 08-January-2024

Abstract: Ionospheric modelling is one of the most crucial approaches to study the activities of the ionosphere particularly in regions where experimental data are not readily available. This research aims to study the variations of Total Electron Content (TEC) in a low latitude east African station (Addis Ababa) by comparing experimental values of TEC from the Global Positioning System (GPS) with predicted data from IRI-2016, IRI-Plas2017 and NeQuick-2 models during solar cycle 24 using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) metric analysis approach. An hourly interval profile computed on seasonal basis were used to study the behaviors of TEC. A monthly interval error profile plotted on annual basis was also used to investigate the deviations of the models from the GPS values. This study analyzed TEC data from 2011 to 2017, utilizing 84 months of available data. The results from this study showed TEC have their lowest values during the post-midnight hours (02:00UT) and highest values during the pre-noon hours (11:00UT). We also observed that Equinoxes have high value of TEC than Solstices except during the ascending and maximum phases where seasonal/winter anomalies were recorded. From our statistical analysis, MAE was observed to give error value of ~3 TECU (TEC units) lower than the RMSE. Also from this result, we concluded that MAE is a better statistical metric than RMSE. IRI-Plas2017 outperformed IRI-2016 and NeQuick-2 models in predicting TEC values in East Africa during solar cycle 24, with a 71.4% better performance compared to other models.

Keywords: TEC. GPS. RMSE. MAE .IRI-2016 .IRI-Plas2017. NeQuick-2.

Title: Total Electron Content Variations at a Low Latitude East African Station and Its Comparison with IRI-2016, IRI-Plas2017 and NeQuick-2 Models during Solar Cycle 24.

Author: Yusuf Olanrewaju Kayode, Eugene Onori, Oluwafunmilayo Ometan, Sakiru Abiodun Okedeyi, Anthony Segara Ajose, Rafiu Bolaji Adegbola, Rasaq Adewemimo Adeniji-Adele

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 13-40

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 04-December-2023

Abstract: This paper is concerned with radiation-induced malignancy and the risk of severe chest injury in children using a computed tomography (CT) scan to detect chest pathologies. We have carried out a computed tomography of the chest, their impact on clinical management and the performance of the CXR from six selected smedical facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria. This retrospective study examined children (less than 18 years) who underwent CCT for a sample size of 100 using the z-scores for unlimited population, determined at random from National Population Commission data on Rivers State paediatric residents. A maximum of 1 millisievert (mSv) per scan and cumulative dose not exceeding 5 mSv per year is a reasonably achievable radiation dose stipulated by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The study's findings suggest that using a scaling factor of 0.623 and a conversion factor of 0.017 to convert the CTDIw value to the effective dose, a pediatric patient will be exposed to a total dose of 2mGy for a CT scan length of 200mm. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical rank test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality were used to calculate the results on head scans at the 75th percentile.  Four groups of results were created: Group 1 (ages 0 - 5), Group 2 (ages 0 - 10), Group 3 (ages 10 - 15), and Group 4 (ages 15 - 18). This study determined that  of 42.93 (mGy)- 59.33 (mGy) and 15.33 (mGy.cm) - 61.02 (mGy.cm) is acceptable. Hence, this work advocates the use of a CT scanner with higher slices (64slices and above) in order to advance research on the reference dose for all pediatric CT chest scans.

Keywords: Tomography, Dose Index, Diagnostic, Paediatrics, Chest Scan, Radiation.

Title: EVALUATION OF SAFE PAEDIATRIC CT SCAN RANGES FOR CHEST SCAN IN SELECTED MEDICAL FACILITIES IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Author: Christian M. Eke, Briggs-Kamara M. A., Israel Cookey, Amakiri, A. R. C.

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 6-12

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 27-October-2023

Abstract: This research is on the Photometric observation of Variable star AO Ser so as to observe and report the eclipse phenomenon. The target was observed with the 0.4m SBIG optical telescope from Las Cumbres Obervatory Global Telescope Network remotely. The photometric analysis was done using SAOImageViewer (DS9) and IRIS software which enabled us to plot the light curve the deduce eclipses.  Results from our photometric analysis revealed that AO Ser is an eclipsing binary variable star with significant flares. The average values of  from the analysis of the V-filter of AO Ser, gave A1 = 1.35, A2 = 0.229, D1 = 187×10³hrs (51.94secs), D2 = 78.4×10³hrs (21.7secs) and d1 = 25.4×10³hrs (7.055secs), d2 = 0hrs (0secs) while the B-filter gave A1 = 0.64, A2 = 0.143, D1 = 184×10³hrs (51.11secs), D2 = 76.5×10³hrs (21.25.0secs) and d1 = 25.0 ×10³hrs (6.944secs), d2 = 0hrs (0secs) respectively. The value of d2 = 0secs were the same both for V and B Filters observation, demonstrating that the primary candidate of AO Ser is smaller than its secondary companion, hence the secondary component was not totally eclipsed. The results from our photometric data showed that AO Ser is an eclipsing star with an average surface temperature of 9447K classifying the source as a red giant.

Keywords: photometry, red giant, eclipse, variable Stars.

Title: On The Photometric Detection of Eclipse on Variable Star AO Serpentis

Author: Esaenwi, S., Sigalo, F.B., Israel-cookey, C, Alabraba M.A.

International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)

ISSN 2350-1030

Vol. 10, Issue 2, October 2023 - March 2024

Page No: 1-5

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 25-October-2023