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Abstract: Malaria is a major public health problem in developing countries. In this study, the leaves of Psidium guajava and Annona muricata are used for the management of malaria. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate antimalarial activity of ethanolic crude extract and solvent fractions of both extract in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. An 80 percent of ethanolic crude extract and solvent fractions of Psidium guajava and Annona muricata extract were tested for antimalarial activity at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg doses. The parasitemia level, body weight, Relative Organ Weight, Liver enzymes and Kidney functional test were used to evaluate the antimalarial activity of the extracts. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison test was employed and the result was expressed in mean + SEM (standard error of the mean). The experiment finding showed that the crude extract and solvent fractions of Psidium guajava and Annona muricata had significant curative and prophylaxis antiplasmodial activity. This result revealed that the Psidium guajava and Annona muricata leaf extract has promising antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei. However, further confirmatory studies, isolation and characterization of the active constituents are recommended.

Keywords: Malaria, Psidium guajava and Annona muricata. major public health problem.

Title: PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA AND ANNONA MURICATA LEAF EXTRACT ON P.BERGHEI INDUCED MALARIA IN MICE

Author: Roy Chinwuba Uchefuna, Chimdalu Joy Chukwuma, Emmnauel Nonso Ezeokafor, Uchechukwu Dimkpa, David Chibuike Ikwuka, Azunna Uchenna, P Ebisintei, Catherine Nicholate Dim, Chikwesiri Emmnauel Onyema

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023

Page No: 64-69

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 16-December-2023

Abstract: Soil samples were examined to assess the impact of applying both organic and inorganic amendments on hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (HDB) in remediating crude oil-polluted soils in Bayelsa State. Two locations, Imiringi and Koloama, in Ogbia and Southern Ijaw Local Government Areas, respectively, which experienced crude oil spills wer0e chosen for the study. The samples were collected from a depth of 0–30 cm, bulked for  pot experiment in the screen house. Twenty-four plastic buckets, each holding seven liters of soil (5 kg), were used for each location, totaling 48 buckets. The experimental design was a 2 x 8 factorial arrangement in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), replicated three times. The data were statistically analyzed using Tukey's Test to distinguish significant differences at a 5% probability level. The analysis of the soil samples aimed to assess the impact of organic manures (cow dung and poultry droppings), inorganic fertilizer (NPK), and their combinations (CD + PD, PD + NPK, NPK + CD, and CD + PD + NPK) on total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) levels and the population of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (HDB) in the crude oil-polluted soils. For Imiringi, the HDB population (expressed in CFU/g) ranged from 8.30 x 10⁵a to 1.14 x 10⁶a, while for Koloama, it ranged from 5.74 x 10⁵b to 7.36 x 10⁵b, indicating a significant difference between the two locations. The results demonstrated a highly significant difference in TPH levels and HDB populations among the locations and treatments at 30, 60, and 90 days, suggesting the effectiveness of the application tof hese amendment materials.Top of Form

Keywords: Hydrocarbons Degrading Bacteria, Organic manures, Inorganic Fertilizer (NPK), Crude Oil Polluted Soils.

Title: EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON HYDROCABONS DEGRADING BACTERIA IN THE REMEDIATION OF CRUDE OIL SOILS IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA

Author: Teknikio, J. B., Adeyemo, A. J., Adejoro, S. A.

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023

Page No: 54-63

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 22-November-2023

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria infection and associated risk factors in Adazi-Enu, Anaocha Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Two hundred and two (202) individuals from five villages which make up Adazi Enu were examined from October to December, 2021 and the prevalence of malaria was determined using gold-standard microscopy. A total of 121 individuals representing 59.9% were infected. Individuals who are 11-15 years old had the highest malaria prevalence of 81.8%. Females had higher prevalence of 67.2% than males with 48.8%.  Farmers had highest malaria prevalence of 79.0%. Individuals in nursery level of education had the highest malaria prevalence of 72.7%. Participants from Akwankwo village had the highest malaria prevalence of 66.7%. The prevalence of malaria in each of the above demographic variables had no significant difference statistically except for Occupation which had significant difference (P = 0.000). Individuals who properly screened their houses had the highest malaria prevalence of 64.1%. Those that use containers for water storage had the highest prevalence of 87.0%. Prevalence was highest (75.8%) for those that had vegetation around their homes and participants who rarely use LLINs had the highest prevalence of 79.2%. There is no statistical significant difference (P > 0.05) among the group of individuals in relation to malaria prevalence in each of the above factors except for ‘water storage’ and ‘presence of vegetation’ factors where the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). The high malaria prevalence in this study demonstrates that the disease remains a significant concern to the populations in the study area. There is immense need to prioritize educating the populace in public health campaigns to reduce misperception and increase knowledge.

Keywords: Malaria infection, Prevalence, Risk factors, Adazi-Enu, Anambra State.

Title: Prevalence of malaria infection and associated risk factors in Adazi-Enu, Anambra State, Nigeria

Author: Cyril Ali Imakwu, Uchenna Athanasius Ubaka, Muojeke Chiamaka Blessing, Elijah Sunday Okwuonu,   Chibumma Immaculata Nzeukwu, Obiageli Anthonia Okeke, Festus Chizoba Eze, Patra Chisom Ezeamii

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023

Page No: 47-53

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 04-November-2023

Abstract: This study reports the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia caused by Plasmodium among different aged group and gender in patients attending accidents and emergency units of Aminu Kano teaching Hospital between 2^nd April – 2^nd June 2014. A period characterized by high ambient temperature. A total of 114 samples were examined. Thick film technique was employed during the study. 75 of the samples were tested positive for Malaria resulting to 65.8%.There was no significant different in malaria between the sexes (males and females) however significant difference was recorded among age groups (p˂0.05) with highest prevalence 71.2% among 0-5 years old. The study showed that substantial number patients were infected with malaria parasites. This could be attributed to poor sanitary conditions and weather conditions which is hot and wet during the period of the study which could be suitable for breeding of the vector and enhance growth cycle of the parasite in the study area.

Keywords: malaria parasitaemia, patients attending accidents.

Title: Prevalenc of Malaria Parasitaemia among Patients Attending Accidents and Emergency Units, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano State Nigeria, 2014

Author: Zakari Yusuf Zakari

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023

Page No: 44-46

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 01-November-2023

Abstract: This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemia of aqueous extract of Calotropis procera stem in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty (30) adult rats weighing between 100-200g were grouped into 6 groups with 5 animals in each group. Group I served as normal control, group II served as diabetic control, group III served as diabetic rats given metformin (Mtf 10mg/kg), group IV served as diabetic rats given 100mg/kg aqueous extract of Calotropis procera (AECp), group V serve as diabetic rats given 150mg/kg aqueous extract of Calotropis procera (AECp), group VI serve as diabetic rats given 200mg/kg aqueous extract of Calotropis procera (AECp). After administration of alloxan, the results revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the blood glucose levels and a decrease in the activities of antioxidants; CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH with the corresponding significant increase in the activity of MDA compared to the normal control group. The result also showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, and AI, with a significant decrease in HDL levels when compared to the normal control group. However, oral administration of (AECp) and metformin significantly decreased blood glucose levels in groups (III, IV, V and VI) and prevented the loss of body weight as compared to the diabetic control. AECp also protects the liver antioxidants against oxidative stress by alloxan used to induce diabetes mellitus. Hyperlipidemia was also restored in rats administered AECp as compared to the diabetic control group. The result revealed that the aqueous extract of Calotropis procera stem ameliorated the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats.

Keywords: Calotropis procera, antioxidant, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus.

Title: ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Calotropis procera STEM IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Author: Enesi, K. O., Ajiboso, S. O, Mairiga, J. P, Zaruwa, M. Z.

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023

Page No: 36-43

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 25-October-2023

Abstract: This study aimed at assessing antibiotic resistance patterns and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactmase (ESBL) genes in enteric bacteria isolated from children and adolescents in Awka. A sample size of 220 subjects drawn from four different hospitals in Awka was proposed for the study. Enteric organisms were isolated from the subjects who presented with enteritis signs that came for treatment at the selected hospitals. Bacterial isolates were characterized using standard biochemical procedures and antibiogram of the isolates was conducted using the agar disc diffusion method. Organisms that exhibited 20% resistance inclusive of resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins were picked out and identified using 16s rDNA sequencing and molecular typing. ESBL genes were assessed in those isolates and identified using the PCR and electrophoresis techniques. Data obtained from the resistance were analyzed using frequency distribution in percentages and Chi-square. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Male subjects were 122 (55.45%) while the female subjects were 98 (44.54%). Biochemical characterization of the isolates revealed the presence of the following enteric organisms: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, and Shigella spp. The percentage occurrence of each isolate was E. coli (49.54%), Enterobacter (20.91%), Klebsiella (19.09%), Proteus (11.82%) and Shigella (5.45%). Antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated bacterial species showed lowest resistance to Ciprofloxacin (CPX) and highest resistance to perfloxacin (PEF). Eighty three (37.73%)) of the bacteria species isolated showed resistance to at least one of the tested antibiotics. 38 (17.27%) occurred in female while 45 (3.8%) occurred in men. The differences observed was statistically significant (p=0.001).  Molecular typing of isolates that exhibited resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics revealed them as Escherichia coli and Enterobater cloacae strains. Their ESBL gene screening showed that two of the isolates had bla-_SHV gene, all the isolates had bla-_TEM gene, while three of the isolates had the bla-_OXA gene. It is thus advised that antibiotic use on these children be controlled and should only be prescribed by designated health personnel.

Keywords: Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactmase (ESBL), enteric bacteria isolated, biochemical procedures, electrophoresis techniques, health personnel.

Title: ANTIBIOGRAM AND ESBL GENE PROFILING OF ENTERIC ORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM DIARRHEA PATIENTS AGED 2 to17 ATTENDING COOUTH AWKA, NIGERIA

Author: Eze, A.O., Chukwura, E.I., Ikele, M.O.

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023

Page No: 24-35

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 19-October-2023

Abstract: The effect of Newbouilda laevis on the Antioxidant status was studied using Wistar rats. The Newbouilda laevis extraction was done using 70% ethanol. 30 male wistar rat weighing 130g to 200g were randomly divided into 5 groups; Group A served as the positive control, Group b served as the negative control receiving CCL₄ intrapertoneally for one week_, Group C to E received 150, 300, and 600mg/kg of the extract of Newbouilda laevis  for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed under anesthesia and blood sample collected and MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, and TAC levels were determined. The results showed that E.L.N has antioxidant effect as there was significant increase in the level of MDA P< 0.005, however, it negatively affected the antioxidant levels as it significantly decrease the levels of Superoxide-dismutase and Catalase across the low dose, medium dose and high dose groups this shows that E.L.N had a negative impact by bring down the levels of SOD and Catalase P< 0.005. An significant increase in the level of Glutathione was observed in the group D P<0.005 while a significant decrease was observed in Group E. the increase observed in the low dose was not significant P>0.005. The level of Glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased in Group D however no significant increase was noted in other Groups P>0.005. The level of Total antioxidant was significantly increased in Group C however no significant increase was noted in other Groups P>0.005. The study shows that the use of E.L.N has a mild to moderate positive effect in increasing the antioxidant level and hence should be used with caution.

Keywords: Newbouilda laevis, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide-dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione, Glutathione Peroxidase, Total antioxidant.

Title: THE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF NEWBOUILDA LAEVIS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT STATUS FOLLOWING TOXICITY OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE ON MALE WISTAR RATS

Author: Emmanuel Nonso Ezeokafor, Roy Chinwuba Uchefuna, Kosisochukwu Emmanuel Azuoma, Nonso Richard Ndubuisi, Raymond Maduabuchi Okonkwo, Kelechi Collins Onwuka, Akpoghene Eyeghre Onoriode

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023

Page No: 19-23

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 07-October-2023

Abstract: Heavy metal pollution in the biosphere is an increasing human and environmental health concern due to anthropogenic sources of contamination. Automobile workshops continue to take the lead in heavy metal contamination in both rural and urban areas. This study determined the heavy metal concentration in soil located in automobile workshops in Benue State. The concentration of different metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), mecury (Hg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) were analyzed using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) with proper digestion method. All the metal contents were compared with the established permissible limit provided by NESREA, WHO/FAO, EU, USEPA and as reported by different authors. The total mean concentrations in soil samples from the various automobile workshops were in the following order Fe>Cu>Zn>Pb>Mn>Cr>Ni>Cd>Co>As>Hg. The mean heavy metal pollution index (HPI) values at the various automobile workshops were obtained at 3.022, 3.110 and 3.553 at automobile workshops in Makurdi, Gboko and Otukpo respectively, which are higher than the critical value 1. In conclusion, heavy metal accumulation levels of soil in the selected experimental sites are significantly higher than their corresponding control samples.

Keywords: Heavy metals; Pollution index; Automobile Workshop; Environmental Pollution; Contamination.

Title: HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION IN SOILS AT AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOPS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

Author: Abeje Ntonoba Mfam, Celestine Uzoma Aguoru, Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna, Thomas Okoh , Joseph Olalekan Olasan, Nserd Ntonoba Mfam

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023

Page No: 9-18

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 06-October-2023

Abstract: In a bid to control malaria in Nigeria, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of weather parameters on the abundance and distribution of larval and adult mosquitoes in Makurdi metropolis, the capital of Benue State for a period of one year between November 2017 and October, 2018. Breeding sites were studies in five locations. Samples were collected twice per week both indoors and outdoors, using standard techniques. Three generic and four specific taxa of mosquito were identified: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus and Culex quiquefasciatus. A total of 2,415 larvae were estimated in the five locations ranging from 345 (14.3%) larvae in Northbank to 615 (25.5%) in Wurukum. Average count was 483 in the five locations. Culex quiquefasciatus was the most abundant with a total of 1,384 and average of 276.8 larvae in the five locations where it was highest in Kanshio (303) and lowest in Northbank (183). Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between abundance of larvae and locations (χ² =83.46, P<0.05). The observed differences in the population of each species of mosquito across the locations are statistically significant (P<0.05). Mean seasonal weather temperature was 32.9^oC while amount of rainfall and relative humidity were 127.59mm and 71.83% respectively. Anopheles gambiae larval population had significantly high positive correlations coefficients with rainfall (0.735) and relative humidity (0.815) but negative coefficient with temperature (-0.707). Anopheles funestus larval population had high positive correlations coefficients with relative humidity (0.738). Population of Anopheles mosquito was significantly affected by temperature (F=10.26, P<0.05; R² = 50.65%), rainfall (F=11.13, P<0.05, R² = 52.67%) and relative humidity (F=19.88, P<0.05, R² = 66.53%. On the basis of how weather parameters affected determined the population of Anopheles mosquito, relative humidity > rainfall >temperature.  In conclusion, all weather parameters (temperature, rainfall and relative humidity had marked effects on the abundance and distribution of the malaria vectors. This work has added to the existing data on the relationship between malaria vectors and weather factors which may enhance knowledge on malaria entomology and future malaria control interventions in the study area and beyond.

Keywords: Mosquitoes, Abundance, Weather parameters, Malaria control.

Title: THE EFFECTS OF WEATHER PARAMETERS ON THE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF LARVAL AND ADULT MOSQUITOES IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS

Author: Ukaabua, S.P., Manyi, M.M., Okoh, T.

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 4, October 2023 - December 2023

Page No: 1-8

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 04-October-2023