Indexing

Abstract: Medicinal plants contain substances that can be used for treatment of infections and have the ability to inhibit resistant microorganisms. In this study the inhibition potential of ginger (Zingiber officinale), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extracts on pathogens isolated from food samples were determined. The food borne pathogens were isolated from milk and meat using mannitol salt agar, macconkey agar and salmonella shigella agar respectively. The air dried and sun dried samples were extracted with water and methanol respectively. The antimicrobial assays of the extracts were carried out using agar well method. The result revealed all the assayed plants as good antibacterial agent on all the test pathogens (≤28mm). The methanol extracts gave significant inhibition than aqueous extracts in all the samples (p< 0.05). The inhibition rate of the air dried sample was higher than that of sun dried one (p< 0.05). The obtained results revealed all the assayed plants with great antibacterial potential, air drying the best method for drying these plants and methanol, best solvent for their extraction.

Keywords:  Antibacterial, aqueous extract, medicinal plants, food Borne Pathogens, methanol extract.

Title: Inhibition Potential of Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa and Thymus vulgaris Extracts on Pathogens Isolated from Food Samples

Author: Ujunwa Felicia Nwachukwu

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 43-48

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 14-June-2023

Abstract: Actinomycetes are saphrophytic, free-living bacteria that are abundant in soil, water, and plant roots. They belong to one of the major bacterial phyla and are Gram-positive bacteria with G+C DNA. They survive in settings of moderate to complex environments. This review aimed at highlighting the potential of actinomycetes as reliable sources of biomolecules that are valuable for industries. These bacteria produce beneficial secondary metabolites like enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, and chitinase), antioxidants, and antimicrobials that are industrially useful. Therefore, this review underpins the use of various actinomycetes secondary metabolites in a variety of industries that include pharmaceutical, textile, food, paper, detergent, and agriculture.

Keywords: Actinobacteria, bioactive compounds, Antimicrobials, Antioxidants, Microbial enzymes.

Title: Actinomycetes: Dependable Sources for Industrially Useful Secondary Metabolites

Author: Olusegun Richard Adeoyo

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 37-42

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 12-June-2023

Abstract: Spoilage of fresh and lightly preserved fish products is caused by microbial action. In terms of the microbiology of fresh fish and fish products with particular emphasis on identification of specific spoilage bacteria and the qualitative and quantitative biochemical indicators of spoilage. Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas spp. are the specific spoilage bacteria of iced fresh fish regardless of the origin of the fish. Modified atmosphere stored marine fish from temperate waters are spoiled by the CO2 resistant Photobacterium phosphoreum whereas Gram-positive bacteria are likely spoilers of CO2 packed fish from fresh or tropical waters. Fish products with high salt contents may spoil due to growth of halophilic bacteria (salted fish) or growth of anaerobic bacteria and yeasts (barrel salted fish). Whilst the spoilage of fresh and highly salted fish is well understood, much less is known about spoilage of lightly preserved fish products. It is concluded that the spoilage is probably caused by lactic acid bacteria, certain psychotrophic Enterobacteriaceae and/or Photobacterium phosphoreum. However, more work is needed in this area.

Keywords: Fish, Fish products, Spoilage association, Gram-positive bacteria, spoilage.

Title: COMMON FUNGI AND BACTERIAL INVOLVED IN SPOILAGE OF FRESH FISH IN UTURU MARKET ISUIKWUATO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA ABIA STATE NIGERIA

Author: ONUIGBO CHINEMEREM. MARTIN

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 33-36

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 10-June-2023

Abstract: Flour obtained from avocado pear (Persa americana) seed and peel was analysed for nutritional composition to create an industrial use for avocado pear wastes as well as reduce environmental hazard and carbon footprint caused by these wastes. Fifteen avocado peels were separated from their fleshy mesocarp and their seeds were pulled out. Both peels and seeds were separately sun-dried and ground to powder. The flours obtained for both peels and seeds were analysed for moisture, ash, lipid, fibre, protein and carbohydrate content using the standard analytical methods. Results showed that avocado peel flour had moisture (13.00 %), ash (12.00 %), lipid (15.80%), fibre (13.00 %), protein (25.46 %) and carbohydrate (20.74 %) while avocado seed flour had moisture (14.00 %), ash (13.90 %), lipid (23.10 %), fibre (9.00 %), protein (24.11 %) and carbohydrate (15.89 %) respectively. Both avocado peels and seeds contain substantial nutrients that can meet the protein and fat requirements of the body. Thus, rather than throw the waste and further contribute to environmental hazard and carbon footprint, these wastes can be added to formulate human swallow and animal feeds.

Keywords: flour, avocado seed, avocado peel, fruit wastes.

Title: NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF FLOUR FROM AVOCADO PEAR (PERSA AMERICANA) PEELS AND SEEDS

Author: NYONG, B. E.

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 29-32

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 23-May-2023

Abstract: solation of chromium tolerant bacteria from two perennial oil spill sites in Bayelsa State was performed. This was done to identify the oliphilic bacteria in the soil samples and the possibility of their potential use in bioremediation of contaminated oil spill sites with heavy metal pollutants. Some bacteria tend to sequestrate and transform the heavy metals thus making them useful candidates in bacteria-assisted remediation strategies. Soil sample were collected from two recurring crude oil spillage sites. Each soil sample was collected from three equidistant points within the location that show clear physical impact of the crude oil spillage. The triplicate samples from each location were pooled to form a composite sample. The samples were then subjected to routine bacteriological and biochemical isolation and identification of bacteria using standard procedure. Part sample were also routinely digested and subjected to chromium analysis with the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICPOES). Result reveal the occurrence of Bacillus sp, pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Enterobacter sp, Arthrobacter sp, micrococcus sp, Paenibacillus sp, Citrobacter sp and Salmonella sp. Chromium analysis revealed varied concentrations ranging from 114.67 to 111.67 mg/kg  and from 224.00 to 219.33 mg/kg in study site 1 and study site 2 respectively. Also, the chromium level identified was above the WHO/FAO recommended permissible limits of 100mg/kg. Thus the organisms have been identified as probable chromium resistant bacteria. It is recommended that the identified organisms be subjected to further studies to establish their potency with a view to deploying them as bacteria-assisted bio-remediation agents.

Keywords: Chromium, Tolerant Bacteria, Oil Spill, Sites, Bayelsa State.

Title: ISOLATION OF CHROMIUM TOLERANT BACTERIA FROM TWO RECURRING OIL SPILL SITES IN BAYELSA STATE

Author: Ockiya, M.A, Alagoa, K.J, Silas-olu, D

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 23-28

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 09-May-2023

Abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the joint effect of cadmium, chromium and lead on the kidney of albino rats exposed to them simultaneously. Seventy (70) male albino rats (Wistar rats) were used in the study. Specified doses of 5, 10, and 20mg/kg body weight respectively, of these metals were administered by gavage thrice weekly to 60 albino rats and 10 albino rats were used as control. There were four treatment groups Cd, Cr, Pb and Cd+Cr+Pb (i.e. Cd alone, Cr alone, Pb alone and Cd, Cr, Pb combined) per dose with five animals per treatment group. Body weights (BW) of the rats were measured weekly before treatment. The treatments were for 90 days, and salt solutions of the metals (i.e. CdSO₄, K₂Cr₂O₇, and Pb(NO₃)₂) were used while the control received only distilled water. The animals were sacrificed after 90 days and blood samples were analyzed for urea, creatinine, potassium (K), chloride (Cl^-), and inorganic phosphorus. Histopathological evaluation of kidney was also done. Results of combined treatment showed hormetic response with regard to urea as they were elevated in the low dose but decreased with high dose. This phenomenon was also observed in Cr individual treatment.  The results also showed that K and inorganic phosphorus levels in the combined treatment group increased with increasing dose but was not significantly different from that of the most hazardous metal in the individual treatments. Histopathological evaluation showed tissue injury in kidney in the 20mg/kg combined and individual treatment groups only.  Conclusively, the results suggested that there was no significant health risk posed to the kidney by simultaneous exposure to the metals beyond the risk already posed by the most hazardous individual metal for the endpoint of interest. Interactions where they occurred were predominantly less-than-additive.

Keywords: Combined, hazardous, histopathological, hormetic, interaction, kidney, treatment.

Title: Does Simultaneous Exposure to Cadmium, Chromium and Lead Enhance or Diminish Renal Injury in Albino Rats?

Author: KENNEDY OSOH

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 14-22

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 29-April-2023

Abstract: Soil samples under periwinkle sediments were collected from Choba and Nkpolu markets in Port Harcourt. Analysis was carried out on them using AAS to detect the presence of heavy metals.  The results showed that the concentrations of these metals ranged from 0.548-1.024mg/kg for chromium; 0.174-0.263mg/kg for zinc; 0.439-0.643mg/kg for copper; 1.535-1.676mg/kg for iron; 0.323-0.499mg/kg for cadmium; 0.561-0.864mg/kg for manganese; 0.255-0.0468mg/kg for nickel and 0.302-0.535mg/kg for cobalt. Heavy metals are not easily excreted from shells but tend to bio-accumulate over a long period of time, especially during the rainy season. Heavy metal concentration above the permissible limit is harmful to soil, plant growth and causes severe health problems to humans. The use of waste shells in road and house construction is the best approach to reducing the effect of heavy metal pollution by shells.

Keywords: Periwinkle Shells, AAS, Heavy Metals, Soil, Sediments, Pollution.

Title: DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS UNDER PERIWINKLE SHELL DUMPSITES LOCATED IN CHOBA AND NKPOLU MARKETS IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA

Author: Oriji, O.G, John, Godson Nnamdi

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 10-13

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 13-April-2023

Abstract: This study investigates the potential of producing biodiesel from coconut oil through trans-esterification reaction. The experiment was carried out by varying the molar ratio of methanol to oil (6:1), reaction temperature at 80 °C, and a reaction time of 2 hours. The produced biodiesel was found to have good fuel properties such as high peroxide value and low viscosity, making it a potential alternative to petro-diesel. The quality of the produced biodiesel was analyzed based on its physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the optimal reaction conditions for the trans-esterification of coconut oil were at a molar ratio of 6:1 (methanol to oil), a reaction temperature of 80 °C, and a reaction time of 2 hours. The produced biodiesel was found to have good fuel properties such as high peroxide value and low viscosity, making it a potential alternative to petro-diesel.

Keywords: Production, Biodiesel, Coconut Oil, Trans-esterification.

Title: PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM COCONUT (Coco nucifera) OIL USING TRANS-ESTERIFICATION METHOD

Author: Onwugbuta, Godpower Chukwuemeka, Okeana, Johnson, John, Godson Nnamdi

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 1-9

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 08-April-2023