Indexing

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue that has raised significant concerns due to its harmful impact on both public health and national economies. The escalating threat of AMR and its sources remain subjects of ongoing research. Wastewater plays a crucial role as a habitat for bacteria and an environment that facilitates gene transfer. This review aims to examine the contribution of wastewater to AMR.  Data on AMR in wastewater was gathered from studies published over the last decade, from 2014 to 2024. It was found that wastewater from agricultural practices, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and hospital effluents contribute to the spread of AMR. Additionally, factors such as the presence of antibiotics, heavy metals, pH levels, and temperature can trigger and exacerbate AMR in bacteria residing in wastewater. The AMR observed in these bacteria can be either natural or acquired. Various wastewater treatment methods, including membrane filtration, coagulation, adsorption, and advanced oxidation processes, have been employed to remove resistant bacteria, though their success varies.  Wastewater plays a significant role in the propagation of AMR, and understanding this role is crucial to finding sustainable solutions. It is essential to consider the spread of AMR through wastewater as a threat that requires a comprehensive strategy to prevent further harm. The review suggests that pre-treatment of effluents from healthcare and agricultural sectors before their discharge into wastewater treatment plants should be mandatory. Finally, the study calls for collaborative efforts among governments, industries, and communities to curb the spread of AMR and protect both public health and ecosystems.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), Wastewater Treatment, Hospital Effluents, Public Health Threats, Wastewater Management.

Title: ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT BACTERIA IN WASTEWATER: GLOBAL OVERVIEW AND CONCEPT: REVIEW

Author: Okediji Simeon Adedayo, Adedolapo B Olorunfemi, Adeola Ayanyinka, Olowe Rita Ayanbolade, Itunuoluwa Oyelayo, Opaleye O, Ojurongbe O, Olugbenga A Olowe

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - March 2025

Page No: 41-50

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 15-January-2025

Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prevalent health concern during pregnancy, often leading to significant maternal and fetal complications if untreated. This review explores the epidemiology, risk factors, outcomes, and management of UTIs in pregnant women. UTIs during pregnancy are influenced by hormonal, anatomical, behavioral, socioeconomic, and medical factors. Elevated levels of progesterone and estrogen, along with anatomical changes like ureteral dilation and increased bladder capacity, promote urinary stasis and bacterial growth. Behavioral factors, including poor hygiene practices and delayed urination, further exacerbate the risk.

If untreated, UTIs can result in severe complications such as pyelonephritis, preeclampsia, anemia, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and perinatal death. Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria, particularly during the first trimester, is crucial for early detection. Urine culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis, guiding targeted antibiotic therapy to reduce complications.

Preventive strategies include encouraging hydration, promoting personal hygiene, educating women about risk factors and symptoms, and integrating these measures into routine prenatal care. Addressing socioeconomic disparities and incorporating antimicrobial stewardship are vital for long-term management. This review emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to reduce UTI-related complications, safeguarding maternal and fetal health during pregnancy.

Keywords: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacterial growth. risk factors and symptoms, pregnant women.

Title: EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, AND OUTCOMES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PREGNANT WOMEN: A REVIEW

Author: Adesina Evelyn Damola, Aluko Esther Folahanmi, Adeola Ayanyinka, Titilayo Adenike Olayinka, Itunuoluwa Oyelayo, Olowe Ayanbolade Rita, Olowe Olugbenga Adekunle

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - March 2025

Page No: 27-40

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 14-January-2025

Abstract: Stroke is a severe economic, social, and medical issue globally. Stroke and its risk factors epidemiological survey can assist in identifying those at higher risk and consequently support stroke preventive efforts. This study estimates the incidence, predictor and risk factors of cardiovascular accidents among patients attending neurological and cardiovascular clinic in Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Owo from 2019 to 2023. Descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted. Data were collected using a hospital based checklist developed by the researchers and instrument administered. Subsequently, data collected in the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics of both frequencies count and percentage representation. Findings from the study revealed that cardiovascular accidents among patients are more rampant in 2019 in cardiovascular and neurological clinic at FMC, Owo, Ondo state. Also, diabetes mellitus was found to be the most noticed risk factor of cardiovascular accident among patients attending neurological and cardiovascular clinic at FMC, Owo, in the period under study. Furthermore, results showed that there were more Male patients of cardiovascular accident compared to Female patients with cardiovascular accident from 2019 to 2023. However, there was no significant relationship amongst patients’ gender and stroke type. According to results, stroke can be prevented or even eliminated by reducing or circumventing these modifiable risk factors. The public should be made aware of the risks associated with these modifiable risk factors for stroke, particularly systemic hypertension and diabetes. It was recommended that awareness of cardiovascular accident as a life-threatening condition should be exposed to the general public by the government and other health care providers, among others.

Keywords: Cardiovascular Accident, Incidence, Predictors, Diabetes Mellitus, High Blood Pressure, Modifiable Risk Factors and non- modifiable Risk Factors.

Title: INCIDENCE, PREDICTOR AND RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR ACCIDENTS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING NEUROLOGICAL AND CADIOVASCULAR CLINIC IN FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, OWO, NIGERIA

Author: Meroyi, Ifeanyi Yosimi, Meroyi, Yemi. M

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - March 2025

Page No: 12-26

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 09-January-2025

Abstract: The contamination of food with heavy metals is a significant concern due to the potential health risks if not addressed. This study focuses on assessing the levels of heavy metal pollution in fish samples obtained from two cold rooms in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Fish contamination may originate from aquatic environments, storage conditions, industrial waste, agricultural activities, or geochemical structures, all of which impact water quality and aquatic species. Three types of fish samples from the two cold rooms were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations, revealing varying levels of accumulation. Zinc was the most prevalent in all fish samples, with sample F (1.433 mg/kg, Titus fish from cold room 2) showing the highest concentration, closely followed by sample E (1.431 mg/kg, Titus fish from cold room 1). The heavy metal levels in the samples ranged as follows: Cu (0.195–0.313 mg/kg), Cd (0.013–0.022 mg/kg), Cr (0.029–0.041 mg/kg), Zn (0.995–1.433 mg/kg), and Mn (0.310–0.453 mg/kg). Notably, the heavy metal contamination levels in all fish samples were below the limits recommended by WHO and FAO.

Keywords: contamination proximate, minerals, heavy metals, samples, water and fish.

Title: INVESTIGATING THE LEVEL OF HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN SELLECTED FISH SAMPLES

Author: Victor- Osanyinlusi Remi, Karimu olajubu Ayotunde

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - March 2025

Page No: 5-11

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 04-January-2025

Abstract: Infertility is a common problem which poses a threat and challenge in our society, which are caused by unknown origin or factors such as hormonal imbalances which reduces sperm production and functioning. The present study is aimed to investigate the impact of ethanolic extract of Azanza garckeana (Gorontula) on semen quality and testosterone level on adult male Wistar rats. A total of twenty rats were used, The rats were divided into four groups of five rats each:  Group A ;served as "CONTROL" , receiving water and feed, Group B; 100mg/kg of A. garckeana extract, Group C; administered 500mg/kg of A. garckeana extract, Group D; administered 1000mg/kg of A. garckeana extract. The rats were acclimatized for two weeks before the commencement of the experiment. The ethanolic extract of A. garckeana was administered orally to Group B, C and D rats for four weeks. Semen Analysis and Testosterone level were analyzed using standard methods. One way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD multiple comparison was used for statistical analysis. The results revealed a significant increase in the mean Testosterone level of group B, C and D when compared to the CONTROL group, there is also a significant increase in the normal sperm cells in groups B, C, and D (p=0.014, p=0.028, p=0.004) when compared to group A. Therefore, the study showed that ethanolic fruit extract of Azanza garckeana could be used in the management of male sexual act and improved male fecundity, and should be incorporated in treatment of male infertility of different aetiologies owing to their high amount of flavonoids that could help improve infertility. 

Keywords: Azanza garckeana, fecundity, flavonoids, hormonal imbalance, infertility, semen.

Title: IMPACT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZANZA GARCKEANA (GORONTULA FRUIT) ON SEMEN QUALITY AND HORMONAL PROFILE OF ADULT WISTAR RATS

Author: Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso, Udeh Ekenechukwu, Bethel, Dike Charles Chijioke, Okwuonu Ifeoma Frances, Nnaemeka Wuraola Serah, Afuberoh Francis Chukwudi, Nwanaga Clinton Uche, Anyiam Kennedy Ekenedirichukwu

International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)

ISSN 2349-7823

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - March 2025

Page No: 1-4

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 03-January-2025