Indexing

Abstract:Green chemistry or sustainable chemistry focuses on designing products and processes that minimize the generation or use of hazardous substances. Green chemistry, though not a new area, has recently gained much importance because of increasing environmental concerns. Industries now focus on adopting processes which are mainly non- hazardous, easier to undertake, lesser energy and time consuming, using re-usable reagents, degeneration of drastic materials, and more economical. These concepts have identified and developed various technologies such as microwave, ultrasonic, UV radiation, electrochemistry, etc., as green technologies. Solvents such as water, has significant importance, being non-hazardous, easily recoverable, and lowering unnecessary wastage of energy. Other recoverable solvents such as acetone, alcohol, methanol, etc., come under green chemicals. Catalysts that promote chemical reactions, without causing hazardous effect and are recoverable are also a part of green chemistry. All the aspects of green chemistry, improving the level of research in chemistry and advance techniques make the experimental work easier to new researchers. This is a positive and harmless growth in the field of chemistry.
Keywords:Green chemistry, principles of green chemistry, Green solvents, organic synthesis.

Abstract:In the present study, the chalcone intermediates are synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction between acetanilide and appropriate aromatic aldehydes. Further, these chalcone intermediates were cyclized with phenylhydrazine in glacial acetic acid to give new pyrazolines derivatives using ultrasonic irradiation with higher yields in lesser time. All the synthesized derivatives are characterized and screened  for  anti-inflammatory activity.
Keywords:Chalcones, Pyrazolines, Anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract:Lack of planting material is the main factor that reduces pineapple production and this is changing over the years through invitro propagation and multiplication of pineapple. The aim of this study was to select the best Plant Growth Regulated medium for initial culture establishment and subsequent shoot multiplication on the invitro propagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) var. Smooth cayenne). Disinfected pineapple explants were placed into Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or thidiazuron (TDZ) or Kinetin (Kin) in combination with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Results revealed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between different hormone combinations for shoot regeneration and shoot bud formation. Explants placed in 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.05mg/l NAA produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher rate of regenerated cells after 4 weeks. Transferred regenerated shoot buds from 2 mg L-1 BAP to 5 mg L-1 TDZ after eight weeks showed accelerated production and elongated shoots. The MS medium supplemented with 5.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.05 mg L-1 NAA produced higher number of normal shoots per explant of pineapple under invitro conditions. For root induction, excised individual shoots were transferred into semi-solid basal MS medium Supplemented with different concentration of Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or Indole acetic acid (IBA). The best root induction was obtained in 2.0mg/l IBA in combination with 2.0mg/l NAA and they were significant difference among plant growth regulators concentration at (p≤ 0.05).
Keywords:Ananas comosus, Smooth cayenne in vitro micropropagation, MS medium and Plant growth regulators.

Title:Optimization of Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) on invitro propagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) var. Smooth Cayenne)
Author:Adeoye B.A., Lawyer E.F., Hassan K.O., Ilesanmi A.O., Richard-Olebe T.C, Oyedeji T.T, Aderemi T.A., Ajongbolo F.B., Adedeji A.A.
ISSN 2349-7823
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
Paper Publications

Abstract:Heavy metals are natural component of the environment but are of concern because they are being added to the soil, water, and air in an increasing amount. As part of a much larger study, to systematically document the status of bioavailability and reactions of heavy metals in soils, this study aims at determining the effect of particle size on the extractability of Cu, Pb, and Zn in urban garden fields from Kaduna metropolis fertilized with municipal and industrial wastes. Samples were collected from Kakau, Kakuri, Trikaniya and Romi and were passed through a nest of sieves (2.00 – 0.5mm, 0.5 – 0.075mm and <0.075mm). The soil aggregate class collected from the sieves were used to determine the extractabilities of Cu, Pb, and Zn by three single extractants (1 MCaCl₂, 1M NH₄NO₃, and 0.05M EDTA). The relative contribution of the aggregate size fractions to the soil total extractable metals by 1MCaCl₂ indicated that the micro (0.5 – 0.075mm) aggregate class accounted for a larger percentage of exchangeable metals than either 2.00 -0.50mm and <0.075mm except for Romi where there was practically no exchangeable Cu. For all the sample sites, micro (0.5 -0.075mm) aggregate size class accounted for 57 to 67% of Cu. A similar trend was observed for Pb and Zn. The amount of Cu, Pb and Zn extracted by 1M NH₄NO₃ seemed related in all the sites. As also observed for 0.1M CaCl₂ there was no 1M NH₄NO₃ extractable Cu in any aggregate class in Romi and micro aggregate in Trikaniya. The distribution of potentially labile metals determined by EDTA among the aggregate size classes  showed that the highest concentration occurred in the micro (0.5 -0.075mm)  aggregate size class for Cu, the fine (<0.075mm) sized aggregate accounted for slightly greater percentage than micro aggregates in Romi and Kakau in contrast to other sites.
Keywords:particle size, micro aggregates, extractant, Copper, Lead, and Zinc.

Abstract:Many triplets are conceived as a consequence of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Concerns have been raised that triplet pregnancies conceived by ART are more complicated than those conceived spontaneously. The rate of multiple pregnancies has increased worldwide over the past three decades, primarily as a consequence of the increased application of ART. Triplets conceived by ART are more likely to have TCTA placentation and TCTA triplet sets had lower mortality rates than other triplet combinations. Outcomes for triplets conceived by ART were similar to those of triplets conceived spontaneously. Multifetal gestations are at an increased risk for spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations, and monozygosity-related conditions such as twin to twin transfusion syndrome, growth aberrations, reduced birth weight, preterm birth and prematurity. The incidence of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality increases concomitantly with the number of fetuses in utero.
Keywords:Triplets; multiple births; Triplet gestation; pregnancy outcome; preterm labor.