Indexing

Abstract: Thermodynamic expressed infectivity model is incorporated in an adopted basic viral dynamics model and the ensued model solved simultaneously with five different genetic factors, ɛ=0 ; ɛ=2.0 x 10-3 ; ɛ=3.0 x 10-3 ; ɛ=6.0 x 10-3  and ɛ=7.0 x 10-3  that are within genetic factor range for a five series plot of mauve, black, green, blue and red respectively to x-ray implications of genetic factor in the dynamics of HIV infection. Historical data that were used to quantify the expressed model were that of historical interfacial free energetics. The adopted basic viral dynamics model is an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). The solution of the ensued model from numerical integration that utilized explicit Runge-Kutta method is simulated for the infection time course using MATLAB^TM function ode 23. The infection dynamics was allowed to progress from day zero to about 300 day for the first instance to x-ray the dynamics up to equilibrium point and at the second instance to x-ray the initial oscillatory dynamics which is an acute consequence of genetic factor. The solution showed dynamics as expected. Comparatively and for validation of the model in principle, the black series with ɛ=2.0 x 10-3 , the best genetic factor of all the infective series produced infection time course with the highest CD4⁺ T cell count of about (350-499) cells per μL (cellsμL-1 ) as compared to the red series with ɛ=7.0 x 10-3 , the worst genetic factor that produced infection time course with lowest CD4⁺ T cell count of about (250-350) cells per μL (cellsμL-1 ). This goes a long to unravel the plethoria of infectivity in HIV dynamics. Comprehensively, uninfected cell CD4⁺ T cell count is seen to be between two hundred and four hundred and ninety-nine (250-499) cells per μL (cellsμL-1 ) which is line with the literature which says that within the first eight years, uninfected cell CD4⁺ T cell count is between two hundred and four hundred and ninety-nine (200-499) cells per μL (cellsμL-1 ). The oscillatory dynamics is as a result of initial vigor by the genetic factor trying to battle down the infection while the infection driving parameter tries to resist the action of the genetic factor hence the oscillation. What a thermodynamic onslaught and counter onslaught. One thing is worthy of note, and that is the fact that the genetic factor zero that gave infectivity value of 0mLcopies.d  was able to resist the infection as seen in series with mauve colour with the uninfected cell count maintained a constant value 1000 cells per μL (cellsμL-1 ) while in other values of genetic factors that made the infected cells susceptible, the infection progressed as expected. The result of this paper explains the fact that there is plethoria of infectivity in HIV dynamics hence the need for a therapeutic approach that takes cognizance of individual genetic factor, as genetic factor characterization forms the front of future studies. The application of this study in pharmaceutical industries, in the area of drug design and in clinical studies cannot be overemphasized.

Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus, Interfacial energetics, Infectivity, Genetics.

Title: THERMODYNAMICS EXPLANATION OF PLETHORIA OF INFECTIVITY IN HIV DYNAMICS

Author: Ilo, C. P., Omenyi, S. N., Dim, E. C.

International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)

ISSN 2393-8471

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 61-66

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published date: 28-September-2024

Abstract: In developing countries refuse (waste) management remains a major challenge due to a prevalent improper waste disposal practices. This study focuses on the design and fabrication of a refuse boiler that leverages the concept of waste-to-energy (WTE) to address both refuse disposal and energy production. The study explores the use of municipal solid waste (MSW) as a fuel source for the boiler, an approach that not only reduces waste volume but also contributes to energy production. The systematic approach to the design, fabrication, experimental procedure and testing of the developed refuse fire boiler followed a Steam pressure of 2 bar to 5 bar, Steam temperature of 120^oC to 180^oC, Steam capacity of 5kg/h to 20 kg/h, Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and Calorific value of solid waste used as fuel. The determination of the calorific value of municipal waste was accomplished using a locally fabricated bomb calorimeter. Values of 12572.22KJ/Kg, 14012.05KJ/Kg, 21833.26KJ/Kg and 20551.01KJ/Kg of paper products, wood waste, plastics waste and textile waste were obtained respectively. The test of operational performance of the constructed boiler (Pilot boiler) was achieved by employing a pressure build up test in comparison with an already existing industrial boiler (Control boiler).

Keywords: Refuse-fired boiler, Waste-to-Energy (WTE), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Renewable Energy, Waste management, Boiler design, Environmental Energy recovery.

Title: A REFUSE FIRE BOILER UTILIZING THE CONCEPT OF WASTE TO ENERGY

Author: Amiebenomo Sebastian Oaihimires, Edeawe Victory, Ozigi Bernard Abdulmaleeeq

International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)

ISSN 2393-8471

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 48-60

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published date: 20-August-2024

Abstract: This paper investigates the influence of varied limestone sources on the chemical compositions and performance of Portland limestone cement. Additionally, it explores recent advancements in green cement technologies, focusing on magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) and geopolymer concrete. Three samples of Portland limestone cement, produced by different manufacturers that sourced their raw materials from different locations, were used in this study. The samples were labeled Sample A, Sample B, and Sample C. They were classified as CEM II, grade 42.5N in conformity with standard organisations. Properties of concrete materials such as chemical composition, sieve analysis, specific gravity, and fineness were investigated. An X-ray fluorescence test was conducted on the three samples. Workability and compressive strength tests were also carried out on concrete samples. Recent advancements in green cement technologies, including the development of water-resistant MOC and the use of geopolymer concrete, are also reviewed. These advancements present promising alternatives for reducing the construction industry's carbon footprint and enhancing the sustainability of cement-based materials. The results of the investigation revealed a variation in the chemical composition of the three samples. This variation in the chemical composition was found to be from different limestone sources and other raw materials. These variations impacted the performance of the concrete Samples with higher SiO₃, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃. Moderate CaO and low MgO exhibited high slump values and compressive strength. However, all the samples gave desirable consistency and strength. The average of three cubes cured for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days was tested for compressive strength. From the results, sample B gave higher values of 15.17N/mm², 24.40N/mm², 29.43N/mm^2, and 34.07N/mm² for strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28days.

Keywords: Portland limestone cement, chemical composition, X-ray fluorescence test, workability, strength, green cement, sustainability, magnesium oxychloride cement, and geopolymer concrete.

Title: Understanding the Influence of Different Limestone Sources on Portland Limestone Cement Characteristics and Advancements in Green Cement

Author: P. D. Onodagu, K. O. Obi, C. H. Aginam, M. U. Okoye, C. U. Chidolue

International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)

ISSN 2393-8471

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 39-47

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published date: 08-August-2024

Abstract: The increasing global demand for maize necessitates advancements in agricultural technology, particularly in post-harvest processing. This study focuses on the design and fabrication of a modern electric corn shelling machine to enhance efficiency and productivity in maize cultivation. The machine addresses significant challenges faced by small-scale farmers, including high post-harvest losses and the inaccessibility of affordable mechanized solutions. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that the machine achieves a shelling efficiency of up to 97% and a shelling capacity ranging between 50 to 85 kg per hour. Additionally, the machine's design prioritizes ease of use, maintenance, and safety, making it an ideal solution for small to medium-scale farming. Cost analysis revealed that while the initial investment is considerable, the long-term benefits in terms of reduced labour costs and improved productivity are substantial. From leveraging locally available materials and focusing on sustainability, this electric corn shelling machine offers a viable solution to improve food security, economic stability, and sustainable agricultural practices in maize-producing regions.

Keywords: Agriculture, Corn Shelling design, Electric corn shelling, Maize shelling, Shellers, Shelling machine.

Title: DESIGN AND EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF A MOTORIZED CORN SHELLING MACHINE FOR ENHANCED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY

Author: Amiebenomo Sebastian Oaihimires, Ozigi Bernard Abdulmaleeeq, Edeawe Victory

International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)

ISSN 2393-8471

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 30-38

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published date: 06-August-2024

Abstract: The development of a dual power air compressor system is the main goal of this work. The dual powered system provides a dependable and sustainable power source by combining solar power, grid supply, and a battery storage system. In order to maximize energy efficiency and save operating costs, the system is automated using sensors and Arduino micro-controllers to monitor and manage the systems’ performance. The compressors’ energy requirement was assessed and appropriate selection of solar panel capacity, battery capacity and inverter system to integrate with the grid power supply was conducted. Programmable codes were written in C/C++ language and tested using the proteus 8 software. Test results of the system show that the volumetric air flow rate of the system is 0.164 litres/second (i.e., 0.000164 m³/s) and within 255 seconds, 40 psi of air can be delivered to a 20 liters vessel. The system’s performance was seen to be satisfactory and is recommended for car tyre inflation.

Keywords: Air compressor, Arduino micro-controller, dual power system, solar powered, tyre inflation.

Title: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A DUAL POWERED AIR COMPRESSOR FOR TYRE INFLATION

Author: Joseph B. Bassey, Wisdom A. Okposin

International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)

ISSN 2393-8471

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 19-29

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published date: 27-May-2024

Abstract: This study assesses the vibration characteristics of functionally graded rectangular plates resting on Winkler elastic foundation. Integral calculus has been applied to the beam analogy method for the evaluation of the non-dimensional frequency parameters of isotropic functionally graded (FG) rectangular plates resting on Winkler elastic foundation. The fundamental assumptions of linear, elastic, small-deflection theory of bending for thin plates due to Kirchhoff are taken into consideration. Using direct integration, characteristic orthogonal polynomials (COPs) shape function for plates clamped on two opposite edges and simply supported on two other opposite edges (SCSC) is formulated. The effect of aspect ratios on the natural frequency of the plate is examined. The findings of this study show that an increase in aspect ratio results in an increase frequency of the plate.  Adding an elastic foundation increases the non-dimensional frequency parameter of the plates. Like plates resting on Winkler foundation, an increase in aspect ratio, causes a corresponding increase in frequency for plates not subjected to the effect of Winkler elastic foundation. It is also observed that an increase in power law index decreases the frequency parameters of the plate. Results are in tandem with those in the literature.

Keywords: Free vibration, rectangular plate, Winkler foundation, functionally graded plate, analytical solution.

Title: Investigation of the Dynamic Behaviour of Functionally Graded Rectangular Plates Resting on Winkler Foundation

Author: Onwuka, D. O, Ohia, C. A, Arimanwa, J. I, Onwuka, S. U

International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)

ISSN 2393-8471

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 1-18

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published date: 09-April-2024